From Mutton Soup to Pelmeni Dumplings: Football Fans Experience Russian Gastronomy

From mutton soup to caviar to veal tongue, Russian gastronomy is now being enjoyed by football fans from around the world who are in Russia for the World Cup. We get more from VOA’s Mariama Diallo.

your ad here

Trump Continues to Hammer NATO Nations on Defense Spending

President Donald Trump is continuing to hammer NATO nations over their defense spending as he prepares for a second day of meetings in Brussels.

Trump will be meeting with the leaders of Azerbaijan, Romania, Ukraine and Georgia as he kicks off his second day at the NATO summit in Brussels. He will also attend a pair of meetings of the North Atlantic Council before he departs for the United Kingdom.

Trump’s first day of meetings with leaders of the military alliance was contentious, with Trump demanding nations spend far more on defense and accusing Germany of being “totally controlled” by Russia because of a pipeline project.

He began his day Thursday continuing to make his point on Twitter.

Trump also railed against a German pipeline deal with Russia, saying it’s “Not acceptable!”

And he weighed in on news from the Russia investigation that former FBI lawyer Lisa Page is resisting a subpoena.

Trump alleges, “So much corruption on the other side. Where is the Attorney General?”

Trump’s next stop will be London, where he’ll be meeting with Queen Elizabeth II and British Prime Minister Theresa May.

May’s government is in turmoil over how to exit the European Union following the Brexit vote.

your ad here

Papa John’s Founder Apologizes, Resigns as Chairman

Papa John’s founder John Schnatter has resigned as chairman of the board.

The company made the announcement late Wednesday, hours after Schnatter apologized for using a racial slur during a conference call in May.

Forbes said Schnatter used the N-word during a media training exercise. When asked how he would distance himself from racist groups, Schnatter reportedly complained that Colonel Sanders never faced a backlash for using the word.

In a statement released by Louisville, Kentucky-based Papa John’s, Schnatter said reports attributing use of “inappropriate and hurtful” language to him were true.

“Regardless of the context, I apologize,” the statement says.

The University of Louisville also said Wednesday that Schnatter resigned from its board of trustees, effective immediately.

Schnatter stepped down as CEO last year after blaming slowing sales growth on the outcry surrounding football players kneeling during the national anthem. He remained chairman of the company he started when he turned a broom closet at his father’s bar into a pizza spot.

Papa John’s shares fell nearly 5 percent Wednesday after the report, closing at $48.33.

your ad here

Stormy Daniels Arrested at Ohio Strip Club

Porn actress Stormy Daniels was arrested at an Ohio strip club and is accused of letting patrons touch her in violation of a state law, her attorney said early Thursday.

While Daniels was performing at Sirens, a strip club in Columbus, some patrons touched her in a “nonsexual” way, her lawyer, Michael Avenatti, told The Associated Press. 

An Ohio law known as the Community Defense Act prohibits anyone who isn’t a family member to touch a nude or semi-nude dancer. 

Daniels, whose real name is Stephanie Clifford, was in police custody early Thursday morning and was expected to face a misdemeanor charge, Avenatti said. 

“This was a complete set up,” he said. “It’s absurd that law enforcement resources are being spent to conduct a sting operation related to customers touching performers in a strip club in a nonsexual manner.”

A Columbus police spokeswoman didn’t immediately respond to a message seeking comment. A person who answered the phone at the strip club declined to comment. 

Daniels has said she had sex with President Donald Trump in 2006 when he was married, which Trump has denied. She’s suing Trump and his former longtime personal attorney, Michael Cohen, and seeking to invalidate a nondisclosure agreement that she signed days before the 2016 presidential election.

your ad here

House Republicans to Question FBI Agent About Anti-Trump Texts

An FBI official will testify Thursday before two House committees investigating allegations of bias in the agency against President Donald Trump.

Counterintelligence agent Peter Strzok worked on Special Council Robert Mueller’s investigation of Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign and allegations of collusion with Russia until last year, when he was removed after text messages he exchanged with former FBI lawyer Lisa Page were revealed, showing their mutual contempt for Trump.

Strzok and Page were involved in a romantic relationship in 2016, when they were both involved in the investigation of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s email server. President Trump has seized on the Strzok and Page’s texts to denounce the Mueller probe as nothing more than a “witch hunt.”

Strzok will testify Thursday before a joint hearing of the House Judiciary and House Oversight and Government Reform committees, one week after appearing before the panels behind closed doors.

Page also briefly served on Mueller’s investigative team until the revelations of her texts with Strzok. She resigned from the FBI in May. She is facing charges of contempt of Congress after failing to appear Wednesday for private meetings with the Judiciary and Oversight committees.

your ad here

Fingerprinting Technology Could Save Endangered Pangolins

Pangolins are the world’s most illegally trafficked animal. Eight species of the elusive mammals are found in Africa and Southeast Asia, but as many as 300 are poached every day, destined for markets in Vietnam and China, where their meat is considered a delicacy and their scales believed to have medicinal properties. Researchers in the UK are hoping to deter pangolin poaching with fingerprint technology that’s designed to identify poachers and bring them to justice. VOA’s Julie Taboh explains.

your ad here

Some See Shift In Republican Party’s Views of Russia Ahead of Trump-Putin Summit

As U.S. President Donald Trump prepares to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin next week, lawmakers from Trump’s Republican Party offer differing accounts of their visit to Moscow. While one U.S. senator called for the U.S. to lift sanctions against Russia, another compared dealing with Moscow to dealing with the mafia. VOA Diplomatic Correspondent Cindy Saine looks at what appears to be a shift among many in the Republican Party, which traditionally has taken a hard line on Russia.

your ad here

As Planet Heats Up, Conflicts Do Too

As the planet heats up from the effects of climate change, so, too, can conflicts.

At the U.N. Security Council on Wednesday, diplomats discussed the importance of recognizing global warming as a risk factor that can exacerbate intercommunal tensions and drive recruits into the hands of terrorist groups.

“Climate change is inextricably linked to some of the most pressing security challenges of our time,” U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed told the council. “We must understand climate change as one issue in a web of factors that can lead to conflict. Within this web, climate change acts as a threat multiplier, applying additional stress on prevailing political, social and economic pressure points.”

Climate-related factors increasingly play a role in the escalation of conflicts between both neighbors and tribes.

“In the uncertain political situation, as is the case in the Middle East, the inequity of access to water represents a real threat to peace and stability,” said Iraq’s Minister of Water Resources Hassan Janabi.

Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through Iraq, but 90 percent of the country is affected or threatened by desertification and water scarcity due to global warming, he said.

The rivers can also be cause for tensions with the neighbors. The Tigris and Euphrates start in Turkey and flow through or by Syria and Iraq. Last month, Baghdad became alarmed when Ankara said it would start holding back water from the Tigris for a dam project weeks earlier than expected, threatening its water supply.

In other parts of the world, decreased rain and snowfall, drought and warming temperatures are diminishing water resources and complicating daily life for nomadic and agricultural communities.

“More than 80 percent of our communities in Sahel, in particular in my region, depend from the environment, depend from agriculture, from fish, from livestock,” Hindou Ibrahim of the International Indigenous People Forum on Climate Change told the council. She said nomadic peoples follow the water and grazing land, and it is shrinking, leading to conflict.

“That is the local conflict who grow up every day, and these local conflicts become national conflicts and become regional conflicts,” she said. “And worse, it becomes a fertile place for terror, as the terrorists grow around all these places.”

As economies decline, unemployment grows and poverty and idleness leave people vulnerable to terrorists recruiting tactics. And it is not just men and boys — growing numbers of women are also being recruited by these groups.

What can be done?

Most council members welcomed the discussion and an improved understanding of climate-related risks.

Sweden, which convened the debate as council president, plans to launch a hub for climate security in Stockholm later this summer.

“This hub will increase collective understanding of these issues and be available to the U.N. and other actors by providing evidence-based analysis,” said Foreign Minister Margot Wallstrom.

Baron Waqa, president of the small Pacific island state of Nauru, urged the U.N. to create a special representative on climate and security to monitor potential tipping points between climate and security.

“The [security] council needs better climate-related security risk information, analysis and early-warning mechanisms to be able to make informed decisions and carry out its main functions — preventing conflict and sustaining peace,” he said.

your ad here

Fired Romanian Prosecutor Will Fight Graft in New Role

The Romanian prosecutor who was removed this week from her post leading the fight against corruption amid allegations of misconduct will use her expertise in a new job, the prosecutor general said Wednesday.

Augustin Lazar overrode an earlier statement from the Superior Magistrates Council that said Laura Codruta Kovesi had been appointed a prosecutor at the anti-organized crime agency in the central city of Sibiu.

Lazar said in a statement that Kovesi had subsequently been appointed as a prosecutor for the public ministry tasked with implementing a 2016-20 national anti-corruption strategy. 

Her role will involve updating strategies to fight graft and working on a strategy for different prosecutors’ offices, a statement said. Opposition party Union to Save Romania, which had invited her to join its ranks, said Wednesday that it was temporarily withdrawing its offer in the light of the announcement.

Kovesi was named prosecutor general in 2006, but gained international recognition as the chief prosecutor at the National Anti-Corruption Directorate, a position she held for five years until Monday.

Under her leadership, the agency successfully prosecuted lawmakers, ministers and other top officials for bribery, fraud, abuse of power and other corruption-related offenses.

Although popular with ordinary Romanians, she attracted many enemies among politicians, particularly members of the ruling Social Democratic Party.

Romania’s top court ordered her dismissal over accusations of incompetence — allegations critics say were politically motivated. Her departure raised doubts about Romania’s commitment to fight high-level graft.

In his first comments since he formally removed Kovesi, President Klaus Iohannis vowed “more than ever” to support the anti-corruption fight. He praised the good work done by Kovesi and the agency, stressing that he fired her to comply with the court order and “respect the rule of law.”

Those who are “happy that the anti-corruption fight will slow down” can think again, he said.

your ad here

Putin, Netanyahu Meet for Syria-Focused Talks in Moscow

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow on Wednesday for talks focusing on Iranian presence in Syria — an issue that is expected to top the agenda of the upcoming U.S.-Russian summit.

While the Russian and Israeli leaders sat down for talks in the Kremlin, a senior Iranian envoy also headed to Moscow amid intensive Syria-focused diplomatic efforts ahead of Putin’s summit in Helsinki on Monday with President Donald Trump.

Netanyahu underlined warm ties between Russia and Israel, emphasizing what he described as their key stabilizing role for the Mideast.

“Every visit like this is an opportunity for us to act together and try and stabilize the situation in our region and increase security and increase stability,” Netanyahu said. “Obviously, our focus is on Syria and Iran. Our opinion is known that Iran needs to leave Syria — that is not something new for you.”

Both the United States and Israel are concerned about Iran’s growing military presence in Syria, where it has provided crucial aid to President Bashar Assad’s forces.

Israel has repeatedly said it will not allow Iran, or its Shiite proxies, to establish a permanent presence in a postwar Syria.

Russia, another top key ally of Assad, has warned it would be unrealistic to expect Iran to fully withdraw from the country.

However, there have recently been signs of an emerging compromise among key players.

Media reports suggested that at Monday’s meeting in Helsinki, Putin and Trump could reach a deal that would envisage the deployment of Syrian government forces alongside the frontier with the Israeli-held side of the Golan Heights and the withdrawal of Iranian forces and their proxy Hezbollah militia from the area.

While Russia and Iran have both deployed forces to Syria to help prop up Assad’s government, their interests do not always converge. Russia also has maintained warm ties with Israel and demonstrated a readiness to take its security interests into account.

“We know about your concerns, let’s have a thorough talk about them,” Putin told Netanyahu before reporters were asked to leave the room.

Meanwhile, Ali Akbar Velayati, a senior adviser to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, also left for Moscow on Wednesday for a meeting with Putin.

In a reminder of the volatile situation, Netanyahu pointed at an incident earlier Wednesday in which the Israeli military fired a Patriot missile to shoot down a drone that had infiltrated Israeli airspace from Syria.

“We will continue to act decisively against any spillover and any infiltration of Israeli territory or airspace,” Netanyahu said.

He added that Israel expects Syria to strictly observe a 1974 deal that set out a demilitarized zone along their frontier and limited the number of forces each side can deploy within 25 kilometers (15 miles) of the zone.

Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said in an interview with Italian newspaper Il Giornale published Wednesday that Moscow hopes that Israel and Iran will both display caution and avoid a showdown.

“Their use of military force in Syria would inevitably lead to an escalation of tensions across the entire Middle East region,” he said. “In that context, we rely on peaceful diplomatic means to resolve any differences and expect both sides to show restraint.”

 

your ad here

Congo Accuses Uganda of Killing 12 Fishermen in Border Dispute

Democratic Republic of Congo on Wednesday accused Ugandan forces of shooting dead 12 Congolese fishermen last week on a lake straddling their shared border, something Uganda’s army denied.

One Ugandan soldier was killed when the countries’ navies clashed on Lake Edward.

Oil exploration near the lake has raised the stakes along the border, with each side periodically accusing the other of encroaching on its territory.

Obed Kambale, a spokesman for Congo’s fishing ministry, said Ugandan forces killed 12 fishermen last Friday following the previous day’s naval clashes. He said Ugandan troops arrested 92 fishermen last week.

“In the coming hours, a significant government delegation composed of the relevant ministries … will go to Kampala to begin talks with Ugandan authorities,” he said.

Uganda’s army spokesman Richard Karemire could not be immediately reached for comment but said over the weekend that reports of Ugandan troops killing Congolese fisherman were not true.

Uganda has a keen interest in eastern Congo’s lawless border zones and battled Congolese forces during a 1998-2003 war in the region in which millions of people died.

U.N. investigators have since accused it of backing rebel forces in eastern Congo — something it denies. The two countries have more recently coordinated operations against a Ugandan Islamist group active on Congolese soil.

your ad here

Nigeria’s Buhari Says He Will Soon Sign Up to African Free Trade Pact

Nigeria’s President Muhammadu Buhari said on Wednesday the country will soon sign up to a $3 trillion African free trade zone.

Nigeria is one of Africa’s two largest economies, the other being South Africa. Buhari’s government had refused to join a continental free-trade zone established in March, on the grounds that it wishes to defend its own businesses and industry.

The administration later said it wanted more time to consult business leaders.

“In trying to guarantee employment, goods and services in our country, we have to be careful with agreements that will compete, maybe successfully, against our upcoming industries,” Buhari told a news conference during a visit by South African President Cyril Ramaphosa.

“I am a slow reader, maybe because I was an ex-soldier. I didn’t read it fast enough before my officials saw that it was all right for signature. I kept it on my table. I will soon sign it.”

The continental free-trade zone, which encompasses 1.2 billion people, was initially joined by 44 countries in March. South Africa signed up earlier this month.

Economists point to the continent’s low level of intra-regional trade as one of the reasons for Africa’s enduring poverty and lack of a strong manufacturing base.

your ad here

NATO Members Agree to Boost Contributions for Defense

NATO leaders said Wednesday they have agreed to contribute more money to their defense budget.

“We are committed to improving the balance of sharing the costs and responsibilities of alliance membership,” the military alliance said.

The announcement was made just hours after U.S. President Donald Trump renewed criticism of NATO for not contributing more to defend the nearly 70-year-old, 29-nation alliance.

The allied nations also urged world leaders to maintain “decisive pressure” on North Korea, including the full implementation of United Nations sanctions, to get Pyongyang to scrap its nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.The alliance also reiterated it support for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un vowed at the June 12 summit with Trump in Singapore to move toward denuclearization, but has yet provide details of how and when his pledge would be achieved.

NATO members also expressed concern about an increase in Iran’s missile tests and said they were committed to “permanently ensuring that Iran’s nuclear program remains peaceful.”

The member nations also voiced concern over Russia’s recent actions, including the poisoning of a former British spy in Britain, saying they had reduced stability and security.

NATO, which is meeting in Brussels, also agreed to invite Macedonia to begin talks to join the alliance.

Alliance chief Jens Stoltenberg said Macedonia would be eligible to join provided the new name for the country that Macedonia and Greece agreed to is unanimously approved by existing members later this year.

Macedonia and Greece reached an agreement last month to rename Macedonia the Republic of North Macedonia, following a dispute over the name since 1991 that has damaged relations. 

Greece has insisted on the name change because its northern province, which was the cradle of Alexander the Great’s empire, has the same name.

your ad here

NATO Summit Overshadowed by Defense Spending Spat

Sharp divisions over who should pay for Europe’s defense have overshadowed the opening of the NATO summit in Brussels, after U.S. President Donald Trump accused European allies of taking advantage of American taxpayers.

The U.S. spends about 3.5 percent of GDP on defense, far higher than other member states. It is predicted that eight of the 29 members, including the United States, will meet the NATO target of two percent of GDP this year. The U.S. provides 70 percent of NATO’s budget.

But Trump suggested Wednesday that NATO allies commit to spending 4 percent of their GDP on defense by 2024. White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders confirmed that Trump raised the idea at a closed-door meeting with fellow NATO leaders.

“President Trump wants to see our allies share more of the burden and at a very minimum meet their already stated obligations,”said Sanders.

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg opened proceedings in Brussels with a clear message: This year’s summit would focus on who’s paying the bill, or in NATO terms, burden-sharing.

“Fair burden-sharing underpins everything that we do. Just a few years ago we were cutting our defense budgets. Now we are adding billions,” Stoltenberg said.

Credit for those added billions is being claimed fully by the U.S. president.

“Because of me they’ve raised about $40 billion over the last year. So I think the secretary-general likes Trump. He may be the only one, but that’s okay with me,” he told reporters as the summit began.

Alliances and friendships are being sorely tested at the meeting of world leaders. Trump accused Berlin of being under the control of Moscow, citing a new pipeline project that will supply Russian gas directly to Germany.

After a seemingly tense bilateral meeting with her U.S. counterpart, German Chancellor Angela Merkel underlined her country’s commitment to NATO.

“It’s very important that we have these exchanges together because we are partners, we are good partners and we wish to continue to cooperate in the future,” she told reporters.

Singling out Germany isn’t necessarily fair, said defense analyst Sophia Besch of the Center for European Reform.

“Germany’s contributions to NATO go well beyond what it spends on its own defense. Germany is contributing troops as a lead nation in Lithuania and NATO’s forward presence to the east,” she said.

The feud over defense spending looks set to overshadow other business at the two-day summit. Britain announced it would double its number of troops in Afghanistan, while Canada offered to lead a NATO training mission in Iraq.

“Now we have to rebuild that democracy and strengthen it. NATO is going to take a significant role in that, and Canada is going to commit 250 troops, a number of helicopters, and we are actually offering to command that mission for the first year,” Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced at the summit.

A joint summit declaration issued Wednesday underlined NATO’s support for Ukraine and its aspirations for membership of the alliance, pending domestic reforms. Ukraine is attending the Brussels summit and further discussions are due to take place Thursday.

The declaration also formally extended an invitation to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to join, as soon as it reaches an acceptable solution to its naming dispute with Greece.

Georgia’s future membership also will be discussed Thursday as the summit continues.

your ad here

Facebook Faces First Fine in Data Scandal Involving Cambridge Analytica

Facebook will be facing its first fine in the wake of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, in which the social media platform allowed the data mining firm to access the private information of millions of users without their consent or knowledge.

A British government investigative office, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), fined Facebook 500,000 pounds, or $663,000 – the maximum amount that can be levied for the violation of British data privacy laws. In a report, the ICO found Facebook had broken the law in failing to protect the data of the estimated 87 million users affected by the security breach.

The ICO’s investigation concluded that Facebook “contravened the law by failing to safeguard people’s information,” the report read. It also found that the company failed to be transparent about how people’s data was harvested by others on its platform.

Cambridge Analytica, a London firm that shuttered its doors in May following a report by The New York Times and The Observer chronicling its dealings, offered “tools that could identify the personalities of American voters and influence their behavior,” according to a March Times report.

“New technologies that use data analytics to micro-target people give campaign groups the ability to connect with individual voters,” Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham said in a statement. “But this cannot be at the expense of transparency, fairness and compliance with the law.”

The firm, which U.S. President Donald Trump employed during his successful 2016 election campaign, was heavily funded by American businessman Robert Mercer, who is also a major donor to the U.S. Republican Party. Former Trump White House adviser Steve Bannon was also employed by the firm and has said he coined the company’s name.

Christopher Wylie, a whistleblower within the firm, told the Times in March that the firm aimed to create psychological profiles of  American voters and use those profiles to target them via advertising.

“[Cambridge Analytica’s leaders] want to fight a culture war in America,” Wylie told the Times. “Cambridge Analytica was supposed to be the arsenal of weapons to fight that culture war.”

While this is the first financial penalty Facebook will be facing in the scandal, the fine will not make a dent in the company’s profits. The social media giant generated $11.97 billion in revenue in the first quarter, and generates the revenue needed to pay the fine about every 10 minutes.

Denham said the company will have an opportunity to respond to the fine before a final decision is made. Facebook has said it will respond to the ICO report soon.

“As we have said before, we should have done more to investigate claims about Cambridge Analytica and taken action in 2015,” said Erin Egan, Facebook’s chief privacy officer, in a statement. “We have been working closely with the Information Commissioner’s Office in their investigation of Cambridge Analytica, just as we have with authorities in the U.S. and other countries.”

The statement from the ICO also announced that the office would seek to criminally prosecute SCL Elections Ltd., Cambridge Analytica’s parent company, for failing to comply with a legal request from a U.S. professor to disclose what data the company had on him. SCL Elections also shut down in May.

“Your data is yours and you have a right to control its use,” wrote David Carroll, the professor.

The ICO said it would also be asking 11 political parties to conduct audits of their data protection processes, and compel SCL Elections to comply with Carroll’s request.

Further investigations by agencies such as the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, and Securities and Exchange Commission, the SEC, are under way. In April, Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg appeared before a U.S. Senate committee to testify on the company’s actions in the scandal.

“We didn’t take a broad enough view of our responsibility, and that was a big mistake,” Zuckerberg told U.S. lawmakers in prepared remarks in April. He also said, “It was my mistake, and I’m sorry.”

your ad here

Kenya Tells Workers to Learn from Chinese, Despite Abuse Allegations

The Kenyan government has called on its citizens to “appreciate” the job done by Chinese companies, after workers on the new Nairobi-to-Mombasa railway complained of mistreatment and discrimination.

In recent weeks, Kenyan media have been awash with reports and images of what appears to show Kenyan workers being mistreated by the Chinese builders of the Standard Gauge Railway that was launched in 2017. One image showed dozens of workers lying on their stomachs.

The Kenyan government has promised to take action against those behind the abuses. However, government spokesman Eric Kiraithe says his fellow countrymen’s behavior at work is also to blame.

“Even as we talk about the [railway] and the racism and all that, it might be necessary for us as a country to change our work ethic,” Kiraithe said.

Kiraithe called on Kenyans working at the railway to learn from the Chinese on how to operate and service it, so they can take over in the future.

“What we are expecting those Kenyans to do, those with an opportunity, is to shift the focus on the challenge at hand,” he said. “We are aware as a government that there are forces which are not very friendly to that project.”

The Chinese-financed railway has also come under criticism from environmental activists because the train passes through a national park. 

According to Kenyan media, the train has hit buffalos and lions. The government said the accidents were “unintentional.”

“Right now, they passed the railway line, and there’s three roads being proposed through the same Nairobi national park,” said Reinhard Bonke of the Friends of Nairobi National Park. “And again, when the railway goes to the park, we have issues like pollution inside the park. We don’t know yet, but the issue of poaching can be an issue. All this will lead to the depletion of the park.”

The government insists it is satisfied with the plans to protect the animals in the parks and along the railway line. Conservationists say those plans are inadequate.

your ad here

Djibouti’s New Free-Trade Zone Creates Opportunities, Deepens Dependency

In a ceremony last week attended by heads of state from across East Africa, Djibouti inaugurated what it says will become the largest free-trade zone on the continent.

The project will take 10 years to complete and will occupy more than 48 square kilometers when finished. In the pilot phase, it will increase the size of Djibouti’s economy by 11 percent, Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed told VOA’s French-to-Africa service.

But the $3.5 billion project will also add to what some experts consider to be an extreme reliance on Chinese financing and could raise the small desert nation’s debt to alarming levels.

Debt distress

Scott Morris is a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development and the director of the U.S. Development Policy Initiative. He co-wrote a report in March that highlights the debt implications of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Morris and his colleagues considered the debt vulnerability of 68 countries involved in the BRI, including China. They concluded that most countries have a low risk, but for eight countries, the risk is high.

Djibouti is the only high-risk African country. It stands out because its debt represents a large portion of its gross domestic product, which economists consider to be a good indicator of a country’s overall economic strength and size. By the end of 2016, Djibouti’s debt had reached more than 86 percent of its GDP, and it owed nearly all of that money to China.

Combined, these factors make Djibouti susceptible to debt distress, a condition that can hurt economic growth or even cause an economic crisis.

The new free-trade zone will add significantly to Djibouti’s Chinese debt, possibly elevating Djibouti’s risk to “an alarming state,” Morris said.

‘We are well-situated’

Djibouti is optimistic its investments will pay off.

“We don’t have natural resources, but God has placed us in a strategic zone where about 30 percent of the maritime commerce in the world passes through,” Mohamed said. “So, we are well-situated, and we plan to take advantage of this placement to have the maximum profit for our country and our people.”

Morris agrees that Djibouti’s infrastructure deals could generate significant economic activity and growth, and that helps keep the risks of debt in check.

The catch, according to Morris, is big infrastructure projects pay dividends over the long haul, but debt obligations kick in much sooner. “With deals like this continuing to stack up, it does seem to me that Djibouti is facing a real debt problem,” Morris said.

If Djibouti were to default on its loans, it might find itself handing full control of projects such as the free-trade zone or Chinese-built ports over to China. That precedent was set late last year, when Sri Lanka, burdened with $8 billion in loans to Chinese firms, transferred the Port of Hambantota to China on a 99-year lease. 

If China were to take control over a Djibouti-based infrastructure project, the geopolitical implications could extend far beyond finances. But a handover wouldn’t be necessary for China to sway politics in the region and beyond.

“There’s no doubt that the Chinese government as a creditor also makes its political will known on issues that matter to it,” Morris said.

Those stipulations aren’t unique to China, Morris added, citing the United States as one example of a country that ties economics to politics. President Donald Trump’s administration, Morris said, has made clear that countries would be eligible for financial assistance depending on their votes in the United Nations.

The additional challenge with Chinese loans, according to Morris, is a lack of transparency. “It’s really hard to judge the degree to which they are extracting political concessions.”

Risks and rewards

An opaque approach to financing makes Chinese loans more risky overall, Morris said.

“There’s not a consistent reporting principle on the part of China as a creditor,” he added. And because China hasn’t agreed to be governed by globally accepted financing rules, the risk for countries that accept Chinese loans goes up.

African countries need to vet Chinese-financed projects carefully, Morris said, being sure the terms adhere to accepted financing standards. But that doesn’t mean all BRI projects should be taken off the table.

“If there is a viable infrastructure project that an entity like the China Development Bank wants to finance, and the terms look reasonable, there’s no reason not to proceed with that,” Morris said. “But one has to evaluate each project on its own merits.”

In Djibouti, the government is confident its strategy is paying off. “Chinese interests are Djiboutian interests also,” Mohamed said. “We are happy to profit from our position so we can develop our country.”

Idrissa Fall and Anasthasie Tudieshe contributed to this report.

your ad here

Zimbabwe’s Political Opposition Protests Elections Commission

Zimbabwe’s opposition parties took to the streets Wednesday, demanding the country’s election regulators release voter rolls to be used in the July 30 general election.

Thousands joined Nelson Chamisa, the leader of the Movement for Democratic Change-MDC-Alliance and marched to the offices of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission. They held placards denouncing the commission and accusing it of rigging for the ruling ZANU-PF party to win. After a meeting with the commission, Chamisa explained the opposition’s demands.

“The ballot paper has to be done in a transparent manner. We must agree, we must observe. We must be accountable and open. The issue of the voters’ roll in terms of the law. We must have a biometric voters’ roll with pictures with everything as per the law,” he said.

The 40-year-old politician told his supporters that the opposition would permanently camp out at the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission if the ZEC does not give in to their demands.

The opposition wants the electoral body to release the actual voter roll so it can be checked for ghost voters.

Political commentator Rejoice Ngwenya says Zimbabwe risks more protests and another disputed election if the electoral commission does not release the roll and ballot paper as per opposition demands.

“They [the opposition] are creating a dossier of challenging the credibility of the results because if there is going to be an electoral court, those that are aggrieved will simply say we are not happy. We do not believe the results are reflecting the expression of the people. These are the things that have to be catalogued that can be basis for litigation. I believe that the integrity is already under question. This demonstration can be catalogued together with other cases to say this election process has been totally unfree, unfair and not credible,” said Ngwenya.

Under former President Robert Mugabe’s almost-four-decade-long rule, which ended last November, elections were always disputed. His successor, Emmerson Mnangagwa, has promised a credible election by allowing Western observers. The opposition says that is not enough.

your ad here

China Sounds Alarm as US-Taiwan Relations Test New Highs

China’s protests this month over a surge in relations between its rival Taiwan and the United States may prompt eventual retaliation by nervous officials in Beijing, analysts say.

 

The head of the Chinese government’s Taiwan Affairs Office said July 8 China “cannot accept” growth in Taiwan-U.S. relations.

 

That comment was a response to the passage Saturday of two U.S. warships through the ocean strait separating Taiwan from China.

 

China resents U.S. support because it sees self-ruled Taiwan as part of its territory rather than a country with rights to foreign relations. The United States strong military also adds to concerns among Communist officials as they grapple with ways to bring Taiwan under its flag.

 

Taipei and Washington have been exploring a closer relationship since U.S. President Donald Trump took office last year and Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen took power in 2016.

“After the new governments of the U.S. and Taiwan formed, after Trump and Tsai Ing-wen took office, the situation is definitely one that the Chinese do not want to see,” said Gratiana Jung, a senior political researcher with the Yuanta-Polaris Research Institute think tank in Taipei.

 

Testing China’s patience

On Saturday the United States sailed two warships, the USS Mustin and USS Benfold, through the Taiwan Strait, the Ministry of Defense in Taipei said.

 

The U.S. Navy has sent ships to the same 160 kilometer-wide (100 mile-wide) waterway in the past but this time Taiwan noted it publicly and pledged to “perfect its responsibilities as a regional player.”

The United States may have used this voyage to alert China to the strength of U.S.-Taiwan relations, said Andrew Yang, secretary-general of the Chinese Council of Advanced Policy Studies think tank.

 

Washington sees Taiwan as part of its “pearl chain” of allies that support U.S. aims in the Asia Pacific, said Joanna Lei, chief executive officer of the Chunghua 21st Century think tank in Taiwan. One of those aims is containing China’s expansion, experts believe. Other allies include Japan, South Korea and the Philippines.

 

Media reports from Washington say the U.S. State Department has requested that the Marines help guard a new de facto embassy compound in Taipei.

A series of decisions by Trump and actions by the U.S. Congress had already grabbed China’s attention.

Legislation signed by Trump in March encourages more senior-level U.S.-Taiwan visits despite opposition from Beijing, for example, and Washington openly opposes Chinese demands that 44 international airlines quit referring online to Taiwan as a “country.”

 

Last year the U.S. government announced a $1.42 billion package of advanced weaponry for Taiwan’s military.

Bristly Chinese reaction

 

China would see a deployment of Marines in Taiwan, even if it is just to defend U.S. property, as a “permanent upgrade” in relations, Denny Roy, senior fellow at the East-West Center, a research organization in Honolulu.

 

China’s Taiwan Affairs Office Director Liu Jieyi said in response to the warships that Taiwan should “recognize the true intent” of being played as a “card” by the U.S. government.

 

“Absolutely you don’t want anyone to help the United States play a Taiwan card, hurting the people on both sides and the interests of Taiwanese people,” Liu was quoted saying.

U.S. military support for Taiwan implies aid from Washington if China were to attack Taiwan. But passage of U.S. warships is not Taiwan’s “fault,” said Shane Lee, a political scientist at Chang Jung Christian University in Taiwan.

 “You cannot punish Taiwan for what the U.S. did,” Lee said. “Of course, China doesn’t want Taiwan to get closer to the U.S.”

Some believe Trump is using Taiwan to rattle China into giving concessions on trade as he proposes tariffs against Chinese goods sold in the United States.

 

Follow up by Beijing

 

China will probably follow up by doing more to make Taiwanese youth and business people see the benefits of its roughly $12 trillion economy, Jung said.

China approved a list of measures in February making it easier for Taiwanese to work and invest.

 

Beijing has claimed sovereignty over Taiwan since the Chinese civil war of the 1940s, when the losing Nationalists fled to Taiwan and reestablished their government.

The two sides have been separately ruled since then, but China insists on eventual unification despite government opinion polls in Taipei showing that most Taiwanese oppose that outcome.

China may also establish a “line,” possibly through military channels, that Taiwan and the United States should avoid crossing, Lei said. That measure might resemble Beijing’s anti-secession law, she said. The 2005 law authorizes use of force against Taiwan if it declares legal independence from China.

 

“They will draw clear red lines, so that Taiwan understands where the boundaries might be and the U.S. understands what actions might trigger further retaliations or responses,” Lei said.

 

your ad here

Trump’s Steel Tariff Squeezes US Can Manufacturer

The Trump administration’s 25 percent tariff on imported steel has been welcomed by U.S. producers of the material but slammed by American manufacturers that rely on a global steel supply chain to make everything from cars to razor blades. VOA’s Michael Bowman visited a can company that is being squeezed by the new tariff and has this report, which was produced by Elizabeth Cherneff.

your ad here

China Rebuffs Trump’s Blame in North Korea Denuclearization Fallout

China refused to take the blame for a setback in North Korea’s path toward denuclearization as bilateral talks between Washington and Pyongyang went sour during U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s visit there over the weekend.

Beijing on Tuesday insisted its position on the Korean peninsula issue is consistent and responsible — a rebuttal to U.S. President Donald Trump’s tweeted accusation that China “may be exerting negative pressure on a deal because of our posture on Chinese trade.”

Trump’s comments echoed the stance of Republican senator Lindsey Graham, who said Pyongyang’s latest condemnation of the U.S. has “China’s hands all over” it.

“If I were President Trump, I would not let China use North Korea to back me off of the trade dispute,” Graham told the U.S cable news network program Fox News Sunday after North Korean officials called their talks with Pompeo “regrettable” and accused the U.S. of making “gangster-like demands” on denuclearization.

Beijing’s Rebuttal

“This is totally baseless. China’s position on the Korean peninsula is consistent and clear. We will steadfastly play a positive role and make constructive contributions towards pushing for the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula and peace and stability in the region,” Chinese foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying told press briefings repeatedly.

 

Wang Dong, a professor of international studies at Peking University, said China is being scapegoated.

 

“China can’t afford to be the scapegoat. What happened was the Trump administration is divided on its approach toward the procedures of denuclearization. [Pompeo] proposed a hawkish approach [during negotiations], which Pyongyang will never accept. North Korea has made it clear that its principle of step-by-step and simultaneous action has to be abided by,” Wang said, adding that both Washington and Pyongyang need to make compromises to narrow their gaps.

 

The professor urged Trump not to offset his diplomatic efforts after the Singapore summit, saying he should next persuade his hawkish aides to come up with a feasible approach on “full denuclearization” — one that differs from the past complete, verifiable and irreversible dismantlement (CVID) of North Korea’s nuclear programs.

 

Mixed online reactions

 

Accusations from U.S. politicians, however, have triggered nationalistic sentiment among Chinese netizens.

 

An online reader, who responded to the foreign ministry’s rebuttal, wrote that the United States “has measured the stature of great men by the yardstick of small men” while another reader called the United States “paranoid.”

But one day earlier, the majority of the Chinese audience actually sided with Pompeo and responded negatively to Pyongyang’s reluctance to pick up its pace of denuclearization.

 

On Weibo, China’s twitter-like microblogging platform, one user asked “why is the US — a country so far away — keeping an eye on the North Korea’s denuclearization progress? Where is that responsible nation?”

 

Another Weibo user wrote “decapitation operations should be next carried out. Simple and effective.”

 

Economic gains

 

While China may be genuinely committed to pushing Pyongyang to denuclearize, it’ll inevitably bear the brunt of any back-and-forth from North Korea’s delivery, according to Tsai Tung-Chieh, a professor of international politics at National Chung Hsing University in Taichung, central Taiwan.

 

That’s because Pyongyang can only look to China, currently its major trade partner, for economic gains in exchange for any progress of its denuclearization, the professor said.

 

North Korea leader Kim Jung Un has invited Chinese President Xi Jinping to visit Pyongyang in September for National Day celebrations in a bid to strengthen economic ties.

Kim has met Xi twice in the lead-up to his June summit with Trump and the third to brief Xi on the outcome of the talks.

 

“Denuclearization will be next used as a bargaining chip and guarantee for North Korea to negotiate for [future] economic incomes. That is, the North won’t terminate nuclear programs without any economic gains,” Tsai said.

 

After the Singapore summit, Trump may have eroded China’s leverage by directly engaging with Pyongyang, but that doesn’t mean China will be left completely out of the equation, the professor said.

He added that Trump has won the “face” as the peacemaker, but will require China to deliver the “lining” on denuclearization as Beijing has a bigger say in awarding Pyongyang economic gains.

 

And the U.S.-North Korea denuclear dealings will be decoupled from the Sino-U.S. trade fight, according to professor Wang.

 

The Trump administration’s latest announcement to slap tariffs on an extra $200 billion of Chinese imports has sparked an outcry from China, whose commerce ministry said on Wednesday the U.S. move is “unacceptable” and hurts America’s own interests, China and the rest of the world.

A four-party meeting?

Wang, in addition, disagreed that Kim is planning on a second summit with Trump in Switzerland as he said such a summit isn’t in the interests of either country.

 

What Pyongyang really wants is a four-party meeting with South Korea, China and the United States, the professor said.

 

“Pyongyang has more faith in South Korea and China. It remains skeptical of the U.S. To Kim, he will be under a lot of pressure shall he next meet one-on-one with Trump. Instead, he will feel more eased sided by South Korea and China and can certainly leverage the three-to-one advantage to constrain the U.S.” Tsai said.

your ad here

At NATO, Trump Slams Germany as Being ‘Captive’ to Russia

A meeting of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization began on a confrontational note on Wednesday with U.S. President Trump singling out Germany for criticism, accusing the largest and wealthiest Europeanmember of the defense alliance of being a “captive” of Russia.

During a breakfast meeting with NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg, Trump pointedly criticized Germany for allowing Russian energy company Gazprom to construct the Nord Stream 2 pipeline through its waters.

“Germany goes out and pays billions and billions of dollars a year to Russia,” asserted Trump.

“How can you be together when a country is getting its energy from the country you want protection against?” the president added, questioning NATO’s collective defense principle.

Germany, according to the U.S. leader, “got rid of their coal plants, got rid of their nuclear, they’re getting so much of the oil and gas from Russia. I think it’s something NATO has to look at.”

German Chancellor Angela Merkel – during her arrival later — noted she knew all too well from her childhood in the East what it is like to live under Soviet control. But energy deals with Russia, she explained, do not make 21st century Berlin beholden to Moscow.

 

“I am very happy that today we are united in freedom as the Federal Republic of Germany. Because of that we can say that we can make our independent policies and make independent decisions,” she said.

Proponents of the $10 billion offshore natural gas pipeline running from Russia assert it enhances Europe’s energy security and diversification and helps the continent reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Trump on Wednesday kept up his demands for NATO members to contribute more money to the defense alliance that has been the linchpin of the West’s post-World War Two military cooperation. 

“The United States is paying far too much and other countries are not paying enough,” complained Trump. “This has been going on for decades,it’s disproportionate and not fair to the taxpayers of the United States.”

Trump also took credit for beginning a reversal of declining defense spending among NATO members.

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg finds himself in the uncomfortable position of trying to bridge differences between the United States and the other 28 members of the alliance.

“My main task is to try to keep us together and I do that by trying to find common ground,” explained Stoltenberg. 

The NATO secretary-general acknowledges there are substantial differences between the allies. “The gas pipeline from Russia to Germany is one issue where allies disagree,” said Stoltenberg in a reply to Mr. Trump’s comments. “But the strength of NATO is despite these differences we have always been able to unite around our core task, to protect and defend each other, because we understand we are stronger together than apart.”

Stoltenberg said that while the burden of defense spending remains unfair, that is changing.

“Europe and North America are doing more together, we’re not weakening,” according to Stoltenberg. He also noted that since Trump became president, U.S. funding for the defense of Europe “has increased by 40 percent.”

European leaders, since Trump’s election nearly 18 months ago, have fretted and fumed about the president’s bashing but have hesitated to lash back publicly. That changed on Tuesday just as the U.S. president was leaving for the trip across the Atlantic Ocean.

“Dear America, appreciate your allies. After all, you don’t have that many,” remarked European Commission President Donald Tusk, adding that Trump’s “criticizing Europe almost daily” is no way to treat a good ally.

During the NATO summit on Wednesday and Thursday, Trump is also holding an unspecified number of one-on-one meetings with other European leaders, according to White House officials. 

Observers say those leaders are certain to be anxious after the U.S. president berated his fellow leaders on trade at the recent Group of Seven summit in Canada. They note there is particular unease over Trump’s not hesitating to link security cooperation and trade differences at those encounters, something previous U.S. administrations had been careful to keep separate.

Weighing in on Britain

Following the discussions in Belgium, Trump heads to Britain, where he is to be hosted by British Prime Minister Theresa May, who suddenly finds herself embroiled in domestic political upheaval stemming from intra-party disagreement over terms for the country’s exit from the EU, known as Brexit.

Trump on Tuesday commented on Britain’s current political storm. Asked if May should resign, the president responded, “that’s certainly up to the people.” 

May’s foreign minister, Boris Johnson, resigned on Monday over differences with the prime minister on her terms for Brexit.

Trump referred to Johnson as a friend who has been “very, very supportive and very nice to me,” adding, “Maybe I’ll speak to him when I get over there.”

Trump called it an “interesting time for both NATO and Britain, but said “we will work it out and all countries will be happy.”

Following visits to England and Scotland, where the president owns two golf resorts, Trump will go to Helsinki for a highly anticipated summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin. 

“Frankly, Putin may be the easiest of them all,” relative to the anticipated contentious encounters with America’s traditional European allies, Trump told reporters at the White House on Tuesday. 

Asked if Putin is a friend or foe, Trump replied, “I really can’t say right now. As far as I’m concerned, he’s a competitor.”

The president added that “getting along with Russia, getting along with China, is a good thing.”

Trump has faced substantial criticism from opposition Democrats and more muted concern among lawmakers of his own Republican party for hesitating to criticize Putin and Russian actions since his election.

 

A special counsel, under the U.S. Department of Justice, is investigating allegations of Russian interference in America’s 2016 presidential election and the extent of contacts between members of Trump’s campaign and Moscow. 

The president has consistently denied any wrongdoing by his campaign, characterizing the investigation as a “witch hunt” and predicting it will conclude there was no collusion. 

your ad here

Bike-Share Programs Battle for Paris Turf

Grabbing a bicycle from a docking station and riding the streets of Paris used to be one of the city’s many charms, but the once-loved Velib system has fallen into disarray and some new dockless bike-share programs are struggling to survive.

After it launched in 2007, Velib quickly became a hit, signing up more than 250,000 users who could take advantage of 20,000 bikes around the city. But advertising company JCDecaux’s concession to run Velib expired last year.

A French-Spanish consortium called Smovengo won the tender to run the service for the next 15 years, but it struggled to meet a January deadline to install new docking stations and has battled a raft of technology problems, leaving users frustrated.

At the same time, four dockless bike-share programs, all run by Asian operators, have popped across the city, offering users the ability to unlock a free-standing bike via an app for a fee.

While initially popular thanks to their novelty and Velib’s problems, some of those schemes are now running into trouble, with users unhappy with the quality of the bikes, many of which have been vandalized or thrown in the Seine.

Singapore’s oBike this week became the second of the programs to give up on Paris, which wants to be an urban leader in green mobility. Officials of oBike did not return calls, but a former official said key staff in France had left the company.

In February, Hong Kong startup Gobee.bike halted its operations because of theft and vandalism.

China-owned bike-share firms Ofo and Mobike remain active and have been steadily growing their numbers, thanks in part to Smovengo’s struggle to get fully up and running.

Laurent Kennel, general manager at Ofo France, said the firm now had about 2,500 of its bright yellow bikes on Paris roads and aimed to increase that to 3,000 to 4,000 by the end of summer.

“In Paris and elsewhere, there have been low-quality bikes that were not made to last,” he said. “Free-floating bike sharing hasn’t created the chaos that some had predicted a few months ago. It’s going quite well.”

Mobike also has several thousand of its red bikes on Paris streets and has been adding a larger version, more suited to European frames, also with three speeds, like Ofo and Velib.

Paris cyclists have welcomed the new programs, but are nostalgic for the old Velibs, which they say offered a better, smoother ride and were cheaper, thanks to state subsidies.

“Bike-share services are good for short distances. You can drop them wherever you want, which is convenient,” said Paris cyclist David Bober. “But their quality is not great and they are not very comfortable for long distances.”

He said he used to pay about 30 euros a year for his Velib subscription but that membership for two Asian dockless schemes costs him around 20 euros a month.

Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo has recognized that the city needs to get a grip on the programs and make sure Velib works.

“We know there is this entire field, this entire space of mobility which exists and can be managed in a different way. But for us it clear that it must be regulated,” she said.

Still, more startups are using Paris as a test center. Last month, California-based Lime launched a fleet of dock-free electric scooters in the city, part of a wider rollout in several European cities.

Danish bike share operator Donkey Republic has also launched several hundred dockless bikes. Unlike Mobike and Ofo, the large Danish bikes cannot be parked anywhere but must be chained up at designated parking spots.

your ad here

UN Refugee Agency Urges Broader Approach by EU Countries

The U.N. refugee agency says Europe needs to take a broader approach to the influx of refugees and not just expect a few countries to deal with the issue and its causes.

Last week, the European Union cobbled together an action plan that focuses on setting up processing centers in North Africa for asylum-seekers fleeing conflict and persecution and economic migrants seeking better lives.

The hope is to ease the brunt that front-line countries like Italy have to absorb. Facing growing political opposition, Italy has diverted several boatloads of refugee elsewhere.

William Spindler, a senior spokesman for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, said Tuesday the U.N. is pushing for an approach aimed at sharing the responsibilities as widely as possible and easing the risks of the perilous crossing of the Mediterranean in rickety, overcrowded boats.

“We are very concerned about the situation of thousands of people losing their lives while trying to cross the Mediterranean from North Africa every year, and the death toll is increasing” even though the overall number of refugees has declined, Spindler told VOA’s English to Africa service.

“Last month, for instance, one in every seven people who tried to cross the Mediterranean died. This is outrageous. Something needs to be done,” he said.

UNHCR wants Europe to address several intertwined issues simultaneously: Implement a policy on picking up refugees at sea and allowing them to land, expand the planned processing centers to Europe, and address the root causes of the exoduses by promoting job creation and resolving conflicts in the originating countries.

“Saving human lives has to be the priority,” Spindler said. “Rescue at sea and disembarkation go hand in hand. [Otherwise,] You could have a situation where captains might hesitate before they rescue people in danger,” including sailors unrelated to the migrant crisis.

“That’s why we have put forward a number of proposals to the EU that will see clear, pre-identified disembarkation centers not just in North Africa but all across the Mediterranean.”

Processing centers

So far, no North African countries have signed on to host processing centers, partly due to concerns that they could attract even more migrants.

“That’s why it’s important to look into cooperation arrangements and not simply for Europe to shift its responsibilities, to close its borders and let somebody else deal with the problem,” Spindler said. “We have had that for too long. That is a short-term view that doesn’t really address the issues.

“The case of Italy is particularly urgent because they are the country that has been receiving in recent years the largest number of people, and we think that this is unfair. We need to have a system where this responsibility is shared,” he added.

The other critical issue is tackling the reasons why people leave their countries.

“Otherwise, you are simply looking into the effects and not really into the causes,” Spindler said.

‘Opportunities at home’

The EU announced Tuesday that it would allocate about $100 million to help protect refugees and borders in North Africa. But critics say the plan diverts economic development aid for Africa.

“The international community should support the development of countries of origin, looking to creating more work opportunities in countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa, and also to invest in governance and respect for human rights in these countries,” Spindler said. “People need to believe that there are opportunities at home. We need to give back that sense of hope to people.”

An even thornier issue is defusing conflicts, some of which seem intractable after dragging on for years or even decades.

“There have never been so many conflicts around the world as there are today, in sub-Saharan Africa, but also in the Middle East, and this is the main trigger for the movement of populations who are looking for protection,” Spindler said. “And the capacity of the international community to prevent and solve conflicts seems to be very diminished.”

your ad here