MSF: South Sudan ‘overwhelmed’ by refugee influx and cholera outbreaks

Nairobi, Kenya — South Sudan is facing a “completely overwhelming” influx of refugees from war-torn Sudan as well as a rapidly growing cholera epidemic, Doctors Without Borders (MSF) warned Monday.

The medical charity said up to 5,000 people were crossing the border every day. The United Nations recently put the figure even higher at 7,000 to 10,000 a day.

Sudan is suffering one of the world’s worst humanitarian emergencies since conflict broke out between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces in April 2023, with tens of thousands killed and millions displaced.

An MSF emergency coordinator in Renk town, near a transit center holding some 17,000 people, according to the U.N., said they were working with the International Committee of the Red Cross to provide care.

“But the situation is completely overwhelming, and it’s not enough,” said Emanuele Montobbio. 

Facilities are expanding, but “over 100 wounded patients, many with serious injuries, still await surgery,” he said.

Alhida Hammed fled to Renk after his village was attacked, and he was shot in Sudan’s Blue Nile state.

“The houses were blazing, and everyone was running in different directions,” he said.

He now has no shelter and is living under a tree but does not want to return to Sudan.

“Home is no longer a home. It is filled with bad memories,” he said.

‘Death’s door’

South Sudan is ill-equipped to handle the arrival of thousands seeking shelter from war, with the young country itself battling violence, endemic poverty and natural disasters.

Huge numbers of its own citizens are living in camps for internally displaced people, and many now face an “alarming and rapid increase” in cholera cases, MSF said.

It said 92 people had died following an outbreak in Unity state, and that it had treated over 1,210 people in just four weeks in Bentiu city.

In sprawling camps near the capital, Juba, home to tens of thousands, MSF said it had treated some 1,700 suspected cases, with 25 deaths reported by the community.

“What we are witnessing is not just a cholera outbreak — it is the result of systemic neglect,” said MSF’s South Sudan head of mission Mamman Mustapha.

He described “mountains of uncollected waste,” broken latrines and raw sewage in the camps, leaving behind a legacy of contaminated drinking water and infected inhabitants at “death’s door.” 

Without immediate action, Mustapha said, “we expect cholera cases to skyrocket in the coming days and weeks.”

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Botswana issues 400 elephant hunting licenses, drawing fresh opposition

GABORONE, BOTSWANA — Botswana has issued 400 elephant hunting licenses amid fresh opposition from conservationists. International hunters pay up to $50,000 to obtain a license in order to hunt an elephant.

In a recent notice from the Wildlife and National Parks department, the elephants are among other wildlife species that will be offered to hunters.

Botswana’s hunting season runs from April to November, attracting enthusiasts from abroad.

However, a group of local and international conservationists has petitioned Botswana’s new government, which came into power after the Oct. 30 general election, to stop the practice of trophy hunting.

Oaitse Nawa of the nonprofit Elephant Protection Society is part of those petitioning the government against hunting the big game. He said the organization is surprised the government has released the hunting quota for the new season.

“We did a petition — the idea was to ask the government to take time, to stop the elephant quota in the meantime because there was not enough consultation regarding all the stakeholders,” Nawa said. “For this quota to come out, it was a big surprise to us.”

The government held a consultative meeting at the beginning of December to decide on the number of animals to put up for the shoot.

Nawa said the group wants the new government to intervene and stop the hunts.

“It is a very big concern looking at the fact that hunting does not benefit the community,” he said. “Anything that has to do with hunting has to be reviewed. Remember, we are still dealing with the old regime and we are not surprised to see them come up with these numbers.”

The government said nearly $3 million was raised by communities in the previous hunting season, mainly from the sale of elephant licenses.

Conservationists opposed to the hunts argue the targeting of male elephants disturbs the animals’ breeding patterns.

The chief executive of the Botswana Wildlife Producers Association, Isaac Theophilus, backs hunting.

“The petition to government is unfortunate and misguided,” he said. “Trophy hunting does not target prime breeding bulls. It is highly selective. It targets animals that are past their breeding prime. So it [hunting] will nowhere affect the breeding patterns.”

Wildlife management expert biologist Dr. Erik Verreynne said hunting will not disturb elephant populations in Botswana.

“It is possible that hunting activity in an area can affect the movements of a breeding herd,” he said, “but if we see it within the larger context of 400 bulls being hunted in a population of 130,000 to 140,000 elephants in Botswana, then it’s highly unlikely that we are going to see an impact on the breeding rate or population growth of elephants.”

Botswana has the world’s largest elephant herd at more than 130,000.

The country resumed trophy hunting activities in 2019 following a five-year moratorium.

Botswana also has one of the world’s highest incidences of human-wildlife conflict, with the animals moving closer to human settlements in search of water and forage.

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Kenya records 7,000 cases of violence against women since September 2023

NAIROBI — Kenya’s security report this year has been dominated by the violence and killings of women and girls, with more than 7,100 cases of gender-based violence since September 2023. Included in that number are 100 documented cases of murder against women since August 2024.

Sarah Wambui said she was attacked one morning by her husband of 20 years.  

“He attacked me on Jan. 18, 2024,” she said. “He stabbed me all over — 38 stabs from my face, the entire body, even my internal organs, my kidney and liver, were affected. I have been in hospital. I was discharged in August.” 

Speaking last week, Foreign Affairs Minister and acting Interior Minister Musalia Mudavadi said the number of incidents of sexual and gender-based violence, or SGBV, against women worries security officers.  

“Nairobi County recorded the highest number of SGBV cases, while Samburu and Mandera counties had the lowest incidents,” Mudavadi said. “There were 100 murders of women from August to November 2024. So far, the Directorate of Criminal Investigation has completed the investigations on these, and the majority are pending before court.” 

Two weeks ago, hundreds of people took to the streets in Kenya, demanding an end to the killings of women. The protest was dispersed by police using tear gas and making arrests. 

The response by police angered demonstrators, human rights groups, and women’s organizations. They accused authorities of not taking the attacks and killings of women seriously. 

Wambui’s accused attacker is out of prison and has been threatening to kill her, she said. The mother of two has been moving from one place to another to avoid him. 

“Right now, my life is in danger,” she said. “The perpetrator is out, and he has vowed he will finish me, and the case will be discarded. So I am actually in hiding.”  

Human rights researchers say patriarchal views and a lack of protection are some of the reasons behind the attacks on women and girls. 

Njoki Gachanja, a human rights defender, said the number of abused women may be higher than reported.  

“Most of those numbers come from low-income areas where there is a lot of poverty and that is linked to a lot of violence. So, these numbers may sound staggering for people who are on the ground documenting these cases on a daily basis,” Gachanja said. “We know that there are more people who have not been covered by those who made the headlines, and this is a catastrophe that must be addressed by the government.” 

According to the Gender Violence Recovery Centre, one in three Kenyan women has experienced sexual violence before the age of 18, and 38% of married women have experienced physical violence. 

The government has set up a security team to address attacks on women and ensure justice for the victims. 

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Senegal’s toy makers thrive ahead of Christmas

Senegal’s local toymakers are experiencing a boom in demand ahead of Christmas, with sellers hoping to win market share with high-quality products that reflect the country’s culture and values. 

Mostly Muslim Senegal has a strong tradition in which different religions share and enjoy each other’s holidays. Christmas is an example in the capital Dakar, where the city is lit up with decorations in December and holiday markets draw families seeking gifts in this West African nation. 

Awa Gaye, the co-founder of the toy brand Yeewu, was among the sellers at a bustling Christmas market this month. She launched the business after having a daughter and realizing there were few toys that made her feel valued. 

“She couldn’t see herself reflected in the toys she played with. So, we decided to create a brand,” Gaye said. 

Yeewu dolls are adorned with African hairstyles and clothing, and carry inscriptions in the widely spoken local language Wolof. The idea is still new to some Senegalese parents, who sometimes ask her for white dolls or for writing in French. 

Another local producer, Racky Daffé, founder of Senegalese toy brand Alyfa, is known for toys that promote Senegalese culture, like traditional wrestler figurines or dolls that come in a wide range of skin tones, including albino. 

 

Daffé says demand is growing, but there are challenges competing against cheaper, imported products. In Senegal, there are often shortages of raw materials or financing that constrain production. 

“The biggest challenge compared with global brands is that we cannot produce at the scale needed to offer these toys at a price affordable for the Senegalese middle class,” said Daffé. 

Distributors, who have had rising sales in the past few years, are aware of the constraints. 

At Kidz Palace, a toy distributor in Dakar, chief executive Fatimetou Diop, said the toys sell quickly among families that want educational toys that reflect the country’s cultural identity. 

“The market cannot always be supplied consistently,” Diop said. “Sometimes we run out of stock due to raw material shortages or financing issues. Local manufacturers often face these constraints.” 

Daffé remains optimistic that demand for Senegalese toys will remain strong, and noted that children often point out toys that look like them. 

“It’s really about representing an entire community. Every child can see themselves through our toys,” she said.

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Why people in Africa’s most populous country are risking their lives for holiday handouts

Abuja, Nigeria — Stampedes during three Christmas charity events across Nigeria have left at least 67 people dead in the past week, many of them children. Families are struggling during the country’s worst cost-of-living crisis in a generation.

At least 35 children were killed in southwestern Oyo state on Wednesday. And on Saturday, 22 people died in southeastern Anambra state while 10 died in the capital, Abuja, where more than 1,000 people had gathered at a church to receive clothes and food.

Here are some issues facing Nigerians.

Inflation at a 28-year high

“There is hunger in this Nigeria. Every Nigerian needs food,” one woman, in tears, told the local Arise television after the stampede in Abuja.

The economic crisis is blamed on the government’s policies to save money and attract investors, which have contributed to pushing the inflation rate to a 28-year high of 34.6%. Meanwhile, the naira currency languishes at record lows against the dollar.

At least 63% of Nigeria’s more than 210 million people population is poor, according to the government’s statistics office. The government has struggled to create jobs. And when people gather to protest hardship, security forces are quick to clamp down. In August, more than 20 people were shot dead by security forces during nationwide protests.

“The average Nigerian has seen food go out of their reach,” said Cheta Nwanze, managing partner at the Lagos-based SBM Intelligence research firm. In 2022, the firm found that about 97% of Nigerians spend up to 63% of their income on food, but that share must have grown since then, he said.

Some of those who died in Abuja had waited overnight outside the church in cold weather for the chance to enter early, according to Loveth Inyang, a witness who rescued a baby from the crush.

Security is costly, too

Deadly stampedes are not new in Nigeria and are often caused by lack of adherence to public safety measures. But analysts say people’s desperation to survive is making crowd control more difficult.

Accounts from witnesses and police in Abuja and Anambra showed that the stampedes occurred before the events started as people tried to secure prime positions.

In Abuja, the church was forced to cancel the event, leaving bags of rice and clothing items inside.

Organizers of such charity events often do not consider security a priority, said Ademola Adetuberu, who runs the Abuja-based Barricade Executive Protection security firm.

Meanwhile, the number of events is increasing as philanthropists and organizations try to meet the growing demand for food.

“If organizers of such events brainstorm more, get professionals to advise them and have a budget for security, this can be prevented,” Adetuberu said.

How authorities are responding

Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu has asked authorities to no longer tolerate “operational lapses” by organizers of such events, while police have made it mandatory for organizers to get prior permission before hosting them.

But such commitments are not new and usually difficult to enforce, analysts said.

“People’s incomes have been squeezed through the entire year. When they hear somewhere that food is being distributed, their natural instinct is to go,” Nwanze said. “Add this to our notoriously poor queue culture and you have the perfect storm that will lead to such a stampede.”

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Mozambique council to rule on election results Monday

Maputo, Mozambique — Mozambique’s constitutional council will announce Monday whether it will validate the results of elections that have plunged the country into deadly turmoil, the body said.  

Exiled opposition leader Venancio Mondlane has threatened to call “a popular uprising” if the Constitutional Council approves initial results that found he came second in the Oct. 9 vote behind the ruling Frelimo party candidate.

Constitutional council president Lucia da Luz Ribeiro will make “the proclamation of the definitive results” of the presidential and legislative elections at a public hearing on Monday, the council said in a statement.

The election commission results said that Mondlane won 20 percent of the presidential vote compared to 71% for Daniel Chapo, the Frelimo candidate.

Mondlane has said the result was rigged and that he won 53% of the vote. Several international observer missions have also said there were irregularities.

More than two months of political unrest has left at least 130 dead, according to the Plataforma Decide non-government group.  

Mondlane has said there will be “chaos” and a “new popular uprising of a scale never seen” if the earlier results are validated.

He has taken refuge abroad, saying he fears for his safety. Frelimo has ruled the poor southern African state since independence from Portugal in 1975.

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Stampedes in Nigeria leave at least 32 dead in rush to get Christmas gifts 

ABUJA, NIGERIA — The death toll from stampedes during two Christmas charity events in Nigeria has increased from 13 to 32, police said Sunday. The victims, including at least four children, collapsed during crowd surges as people grew desperate for food items while the country grapples with the worst cost-of-living crisis in a generation.

The dead included 22 people in southeastern Anambra state’s Okija town, where a philanthropist on Saturday organized a food distribution, local police spokesman Tochukwu Ikenga said. Ten others died in the capital, Abuja, during a church-organized similar charity event.

Police said they were investigating the two incidents, only days after another stampede in which several children were killed.

Africa’s most populous country is seeing a growing trend by local organizations, churches and individuals to organize charity events ahead of Christmas to ease economic hardship caused by a cost-of-living crisis.

Witnesses of the Abuja stampede told The Associated Press there was a crowd surge at one of the church gates, as dozens tried to enter the premises at around 4 a.m., hours before gift items were to be shared.

Some of them, including older people, waited overnight to get food, said Loveth Inyang, who rescued one baby from the crush.

The stampedes prompted growing calls for authorities to enforce safety measures at such events. Nigerian police also mandated that organizers obtain prior permission.

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French President Emmanuel Macron speaking at a joint press conference in Addis Ababa on Dec. 21, 2024.

During his visit to Ethiopia, French President Emmanuel Macron held a joint press conference at the newly renovated Ethiopia’s National Palace in Addis Ababa on Dec. 21, 2024.

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More than 20 civilians killed in central Mali village attacks

BAMAKO, MALI — Suspected Islamic militants killed more than 20 people in a string of attacks on villages in central Mali’s insurgency-hit Mopti region on Friday, two local sources said. 

The unidentified assailants struck during the day and into the evening, ransacking and burning six villages in the Bandiagara area, the sources said on Saturday, speaking on condition of anonymity. 

One of the sources said the assailants had come in large numbers on motorcycles and attacked a village, where they killed everyone and destroyed everything. 

There was no immediate comment from the ruling military junta. 

The West African nation is battling armed groups with links to al-Qaida and Islamic State, which took root in its arid north following a Tuareg separatist rebellion in 2012. 

Militants have since spread to other countries in the Sahel region south of the Sahara, seizing territory, killing thousands of people, and uprooting millions in the process. 

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Children among at least 13 killed in stampedes at charity events in Nigeria

ABUJA, NIGERIA — At least 13 people, including four children, were killed in two separate stampedes in Nigeria as large crowds gathered to collect food and clothing items distributed at annual Christmas events, the police said Saturday. 

The two accidents came days after another such stampede in Africa’s most populous country, amid a growing trend by local organizations, churches and individuals to organize charity events ahead of Christmas, as the country struggles with the worst cost-of-living crisis in a generation. 

Ten people were killed in the first stampede in the early hours at the Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Maitama, an upmarket part of the capital, Abuja, police spokesman Josephine Adeh said in a statement, adding that more than 1,000 people have been evacuated from the church. 

There was a crowd surge at one of the church gates, as dozens tried to enter the premises around 4 a.m. local time, hours before the gift items were to be shared, witnesses said. Some in the crowd had been waiting since the previous night. 

“The way they were rushing to enter, some people were falling and some of them were old,” Loveth Inyang, a witness, said. Inyang said he managed to rescue one baby as his mother struggled in the surge. 

Crush starts before event begins

Three people died in a similar crush later in the southeastern Anambra state’s Okija town at a charity event organized by a philanthropist, the state police said. 

“The event had not even started when the rush began,” police spokesman Tochukwu Ikenga said. There could be more deaths recorded as officers investigate the incident, he said. 

Viral footage that appeared to be from the Abuja scene showed lifeless bodies lying on the ground as people shouted for help. Some of the injured have been treated and discharged while others continue to receive medical care, police said. 

The church canceled the charity event with bags of rice and clothing items still arranged within the premises. 

The church held a marriage ceremony after the crowd was evacuated, but the agony and sadness remained palpable even as families and friends gathered for wedding pictures. 

Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu expressed his sympathy for the victims’ families and asked states and relevant authorities to enforce strict crowd control measures. 

Disasters lead to change

The recent stampedes in Nigeria have raised questions about safety measures in such events. Several children were killed on Wednesday when a local foundation organized a well-attended fair to distribute gift items and food to kids in southwestern Oyo state. 

After the latest disaster, the police in Abuja announced that permission must be obtained before such charity events are organized. 

The current economic hardship under President Tinubu, who promised “renewed hope” when he was sworn into office in May 2023, is blamed on surging inflation, which is at a 28-year high, and the government’s economic policies that have pushed the local currency to a record low against the dollar. 

Frustration over the cost-of-living crisis has led to mass protests in recent months. In August, at least 20 people were shot to death and hundreds of others were arrested at protests demanding better opportunities and jobs for young people. 

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East Africa remembers victims of deadly Indian Ocean tsunami

nairobi, kenya — Mwalola wa Mwalola, a longtime fisherman in the Indian Ocean on the Kenyan coast, vividly remembers the events of the deadly tsunami of 20 years ago.

Mwalola said the fisherfolk’s experience and knowledge of the ocean saved his life after they sensed danger and decided to keep off the ocean on the fateful day.

“My place of work was hit, but I was not affected because I heeded the warning,” he said. “We avoided losses because we warned our colleagues of the impending danger and asked everyone to keep off the ocean that day.”

On December 26, 2004, a powerful earthquake off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra generated a devastating tsunami that was observed worldwide and caused tremendous devastation and deaths throughout the Indian Ocean region, including in East Africa.

Out of the 228,000 people killed, more than 300 were from the East African countries of Somalia, Tanzania and Kenya, according to the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The disaster raised awareness about the threat tsunamis pose to coastal communities around the world and the need for improved tsunami detection, forecasting, warning and preparedness.

Observers say more remains to be done in the East African countries that were affected.

Shamim Wasii Nyanda, an environmental activist at the Tanzania Ocean Climate Innovation Hub in Dar es Salaam, said, “There’s an increase of vulnerability due to climate change but also … limited adaptation funding. Most of the coastal cities lack sufficient financial resources to implement these climate adaptation measures, particularly in urban, under-resourced communities. They do not have that kind of technology or resources for them to be able to work on these problems that we are experiencing,” especially tsunamis.

Nyanda said increasing urbanization is compounding the risk.

“Coastal cities like Dar es Salaam itself have continued to expand, with informal settlements encroaching on vulnerable areas where facilities like disasterproof housing and infrastructure are not available.” People then build housing in areas where they shouldn’t, “so, when these disasters come, like the tsunami, they are not prepared. They do not have the technology. They do not have the infrastructure … and what happens? They are just swept away.”

As countries observe the 20th anniversary of the 2004 tsunami, experts say preparedness, prevention and mitigation measures are key in preventing such disasters in the future.

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UN official calls for end to siege of El Fasher in Sudan’s North Darfur

GENEVA — United Nations human rights chief Volker Türk is calling for an end to the siege of El Fasher in Sudan’s North Darfur state, which has resulted in hundreds of civilian deaths and injuries, and the widespread destruction of homes and infrastructure.  

“The continuing siege of El Fasher and the relentless fighting are devastating lives everyday on a massive scale,” Türk said in a statement Friday to coincide with the release of a report describing the devastating impact of the seven-month-long siege of El Fasher in Sudan by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.   

“This alarming situation cannot continue. The Rapid Support Forces must end the horrible siege. And I urge all parties to the conflict to stop attacks on civilians and civilian objects … and to comply with their obligations and commitments under international law,” he said. 

Since the siege of El Fasher, the capital of Sudan’s North Darfur state, began in May, the report finds at least 782 civilians have been killed and more than 1,143 injured. 

Fighting displaces millions

The RSF and Sudan National Forces have been battling for control of the country since April 2023. Since the RSF and Sudanese warlords made a power grab, plunging the country into chaos, more than 11.5 million people have been forced to flee their homes.  About 8.5 million are displaced inside Sudan. Another 3 million have fled as refugees to neighboring countries. 

Additionally, the United Nations reports more than half of Sudan’s population or 26.5 million are suffering from acute hunger, with thousands on the brink of famine. 

Authors of the report say the findings indicate a persistent disregard of international humanitarian law by the parties to the conflict, “as evidenced by the indiscriminate use of explosive weapons with wide-area effects in populated urban areas and direct attacks against civilians and civilian objects, including attacks on health facilities.”   

Seif Magango, a spokesperson for human rights chief Türk, told journalists in Geneva on Friday that the RSF, Sudanese Armed Forces, or SAF, and their allies “have turned the city into a battleground” from which there is no escape.   

“There has been regular and intense shelling by the RSF of densely populated residential areas, recurrent airstrikes by the SAF, and artillery shelling by both the SAF and its Allied Joint Forces. 

“Residential neighborhoods, markets, hospitals and camps hosting internally displaced people have been struck,” Magango said. 

Survivors who fled El Fasher have testified that intense artillery shelling by the RSF on densely populated residential areas and recurrent airstrikes by the SAF and Joint Forces “in most cases were conducted without warning despite the presence of thousands of civilians.”   

The U.N. human rights report accuses the warring parties of the indiscriminate use of explosive weapons in populated areas. It says the Zamzam Camp, which hosts hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people, and where famine has been declared, has been shelled repeatedly.

It says the Abu Shouk IDP camp, northwest of El Fasher, housing more than 100,000 internally displaced people from African tribes, has been subjected to recurrent artillery shelling by the RSF, “amounting to direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects.” 

Between May 9 and November 28, the U.N. human rights office has documented 13 attacks on health facilities, most attributed to and “deliberately targeted” by the RSF.  For example, it notes the Al-Saudi Maternity Hospital, in western El Fasher, “has been repeatedly shelled since the start of the hostilities.” 

“This is the last remaining public hospital in the city with the capacity to perform surgery and provide sexual and reproductive health services, including necessary medical care for survivors of sexual violence,” it says, noting that “this is particularly tragic as there has been a surge in cases of sexual violence since the siege began.”   

Monitors track sexual violence reports

Human rights monitors have documented numerous reports of sexual violence against women and girls during the siege and as they fled El Fasher after May 2024. 

The report quotes a reliable source who says the 20 to 40 victims of sexual violence reaching service providers each month “is considered to be significantly underreported due to stigma and artillery shelling that restricted movement.”  

“Attacks on civilians and civilian objects may amount to war crimes,” Magango said. “This alarming situation cannot be allowed to continue. All parties to the conflict must refrain from attacks on civilians and civilian objects and respect international law.”   

The report’s authors express concern about a buildup of SAF-allied Joint Forces in the densely populated Zamzam camp. This, coupled with the increased mobilization of fighters along tribal lines across Darfur, they say, “indicates preparations for further hostilities may be under way.”   

“Any large-scale attack on Zamzam camp and El Fasher city will catapult civilian suffering to catastrophic levels, deepening the already dire humanitarian situation, including famine conditions,” warned High Commissioner Türk in Friday’s statement. 

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Interview: Biden administration pushes for Sudan ceasefire in remaining weeks

UNITED NATIONS — U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced $200 million in new humanitarian funding for the Sudanese people at a high-level Sudan meeting he chaired Thursday at the U.N. Security Council, bringing total U.S. support to Sudan to more than $2.3 billion since fighting began among rival generals in April 2023.  

U.S. Special Envoy for Sudan Tom Perriello spoke to VOA U.N. Correspondent Margaret Besheer on the sidelines of the council meeting. He said the outgoing administration of U.S. President Joe Biden wants to consolidate humanitarian progress and move toward a ceasefire, even a temporary one, in its remaining weeks. 

Once allies in Sudan’s transitional government after a 2021 coup, Sudanese Armed Forces General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Rapid Support Forces General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo have become bitter rivals for power. Fighting erupted between their forces in the capital, Khartoum, last year. It has since spread across Sudan, causing widespread atrocities and killing, and one of the world’s largest humanitarian crises. 

The following interview has been edited for clarity and brevity.  

VOA: U.S. Special Envoy for Sudan Tom Perriello, thank you for talking to VOA today. You have one month to go for the Biden administration. What do you realistically think you can achieve in the remaining weeks on Sudan? 

U.S. Special Envoy for Sudan Tom Perriello: Well, one of the things that Secretary Blinken made clear today at the United Nations is that we’re going to use every second we’ve got, and we’ve got some momentum. We’re in the fifth straight month of breaking the largest humanitarian embargo in the world, but we have so much more to do. We’ve seen four times more food and medicine moving into Sudan than we saw just a few months ago, and each one of those is food and medicine reaching a mother or a child that’s been malnourished for months in places like Zamzam camp or Kadugli in South Kordofan. We’re getting the convoys moving, including the first convoy into parts of southern Khartoum since the war began almost two years ago. So, we have got a lock in those humanitarian gains that are saving lives. But ultimately, we’ve got to move towards a ceasefire, even a temporary ceasefire, from the parties, to give some relief to the horrific conditions that millions of Sudanese people are facing. 

VOA: And how do you hope to move toward that temporary ceasefire? Might you convene another meeting of the ALPS [Aligned for Advancing Lifesaving and Peace in Sudan] before January 20th? 

Perriello: I just came yesterday from Mauritania, where we were meeting with the African Union, the United Nations, the Arab League and others, about how we can move towards expanding both local and national ceasefire efforts. It was a big statement for Secretary Blinken to sit at the council today in the U.N. And you heard from the Algerians and the other African leaders this idea that we’ve got to give more urgency to this ceasefire. … This famine and this war was a war of choice by men who were willing to let the Sudanese people suffer, and those same men can help bring it to an end if we can get the regional actors in Africa and in the Gulf to align on an effort to put a pause in the fighting and restore the civilian transition. 

VOA: Would you say the two generals are the biggest obstacle to peace? Is this just about their egos? Or does it go deeper? 

Perriello: Well, certainly it was a big part of what started this war. But really, you have to go back a few steps and remember it was Generals Hemeti [Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo] and [Abdel Fattah] al-Burhan joining forces to overthrow the civilian transition that had inspired the world in 2019. And there are many forces behind both of them that want to prevent the people of Sudan from having the power over their future. And we continue to see that with extremist groups and others who want to profit from this war, whether it’s groups like the National Congress party of the former Bashir era, that know the people wouldn’t support them having power, and they’re using this war to come back to power. We see some of the tribal leaders who should be some of the strongest voices for peace, instead of figuring out how to profit off of the famine and off of the war, we see countries that have engaged and are willing to continue to see that suffering of the Sudanese people. But we’ve also seen neighboring countries show the welcomeness … to accept millions of refugees. We’ve seen efforts in the region to work with us on these local ceasefire efforts, including some of these humanitarian corridors. So, it’s important that we not use the level of the crisis as an excuse to do nothing, because when we’ve engaged, we’ve been able to make a difference. And I think that’s what Secretary Blinken was trying to remind the council today. 

VOA: What will it take to get the two generals to the negotiating table? 

Perriello: Well, first of all, I think we’ll continue to try to push them to the table, but what we showed with the ALPS efforts in Switzerland on humanitarian access is you don’t need a table anymore. We have telephones. We have proximity talks. What we need is the political will, and we appreciate that countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt and others are continuing to try to support these peace efforts. We think the African Union has a role to play. And the American people, in the same way we’ve seen Americans show just so much compassion in crisis after crisis around the world, we need folks to see these young people with the Mutual Aid Sudan and elsewhere that are risking their lives to get food and medicine into their communities. They need that support and attention from us. It’s also something, quite frankly, that has really strong bipartisan support on Capitol Hill, including from a recent letter this week from both Republican and Democratic senators trying to draw more attention to the crisis in Sudan. So, it needs all of us to pay more attention, but most of all, it needs the people with guns and the people supplying guns to all sides in Sudan, to put those down and become partners in peace. 

VOA: You mentioned, and Secretary Blinken mentioned in the council, that there’s a lot of external interference in the war in Sudan. There’s credible evidence the UAE has been fueling the violence and supplying the RSF with arms. Why has the Biden administration been reluctant to really exert significant public pressure on the UAE? 

Perriello: Well, you saw some powerful testimony today at the Security Council about this issue, about foreign interference and the role certain countries are playing to fuel this conflict. The Biden administration has really led the way on putting pressure on all of the external actors to stop fueling this war and inviting them to be partners in peace, both ending the famine and trying to end this war. [U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.] Linda Thomas-Greenfield helped push for an extension of the Darfur arms embargo — and also the first sanctions for violating that arms embargo in over 15 years. We are going to continue with our sanctions and with our diplomacy to raise the costs of those that are fueling this conflict, but also to continue to invite in those who want to be partners for not just peace for the Sudanese people, but how we rebuild Sudan and how we restore that civilian transition. Secretary Blinken announced today an additional $30 million with Congress to support civil society, particularly women and youth, who have continued to inspire us in Sudan, to help rebuild that political dialogue and that path — the only real path forward — which is a unified civilian front into peace and democracy. 

VOA: There are reports that the State Department is considering a genocide declaration. Why the reluctance to use the “genocide” word? 

Perriello: Far from reluctance, the State Department’s really been leading the way. I mean, as someone who was in Darfur more than 20 years ago when the genocide was happening. When I was out of government a year ago, I was proud that the State Department led the way on declaring the acts of ethnic cleansing that we heard about from the Sultan of the Masalit today. Called out the crimes against humanity. We’ll continue to look at where the facts lead in terms of other designations.

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Mozambique begins building shelter for victims of Cyclone Chido

MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE — Mozambique began constructing homes for victims of Cyclone Chido this week after the storm swept through three of the country’s northern regions Sunday, killing at least 70 people and injuring 600 others as it left behind a trail of destruction.

On a visit to affected areas, Trade and Industry Minister Silvino Moreno said that the government is working to provide aid to storm victims and that international partners are pitching in to help.

Addressing the media after a stop in the province of Nampula, one of the regions affected by the cyclone, Moreno said the priority is constructing shelter with resilient materials. He said the goal is to avoid the destruction of homes built with poor material.

Almost all of the houses in affected areas were constructed with mud and reeds that never stood a chance against the powerful cyclone.

Moreno said the people need better construction training.

Before hitting Mozambique, Cyclone Chido caused significant devastation in Mayotte, a set of French islands. This resulted in fatalities, infrastructure damage and increased risks for vulnerable communities, including asylum-seekers and refugees, according to humanitarian agencies.

In southern Malawi, the storm brought strong winds and rains, leading to the destruction of houses and infrastructure in several areas.

Mozambique’s meteorology agency said the country should expect more storms during the next three months of the rainy season and called for better preparation.

According to UNICEF, at least 174,000 people have been affected overall, but the numbers may increase as assessments continue.

In addition to homes damaged, at least several thousand classrooms were destroyed and 20 health facilities hit.

UNICEF’s field office head in Mozambique’s Zambezia province, Michael Chimedza, told VOA that his organization has requisitioned items so it can immediately respond to 50,000 people. He said the agency has provided funds for response training at the local level.

Besides Nampula, the cyclone tore through Cabo Delgado and Niassa provinces, leaving more than 25,000 families without electricity and damaging key infrastructure, including health units, roads and water supply sources.

In a region already fighting a cholera outbreak, the latest devastation creates an ominous likelihood that the outbreak will further worsen, aid agencies said.

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Terror situation worsens in Sahel after US pullout, say experts

In September, the U.S. military completed its withdrawal from Niger, where it had two bases that helped partners in the Sahel counter terrorism. The pullout came after members of Niger’s military staged a coup in 2023. The U.S. military says the withdrawal has had a major impact on efforts to fight terrorism in the region. VOA Pentagon correspondent Carla Babb has more.

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Mogadishu development project brings hope to Somalia 

washington — In a landmark event for Somalia, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud on Thursday officially launched the “New Mogadishu” development initiative, a transformative project that aims to reshape the capital’s economic landscape.

The initiative includes construction of a modern airport, a port and a key economic zone, all focused on fostering growth and attracting investment.

During the launch, Mohamud said the initiative showcases the resilience of the Somali business community.

“Somali businessmen have stepped up to provide essential services during challenging times, proving their commitment to the nation’s progress,” he said.

Mohamud also noted the initiative has the potential for massive job creation.

“The creation of this project is not just about infrastructure; it’s about creating opportunities for our youth and uplifting our communities,” he said.

“The launch of the New Mogadishu project marks a significant milestone for Somalia as it seeks to revitalize its capital and strengthen investor confidence, paving the way for a brighter economic future,” Mohamud added.

Fardowsa Osman Egal, Somalia’s minister of transport and aviation, emphasized the significance of the new airport in this project.

“It is a long dream that is materializing now. Due to the capacity and function of the current Mogadishu airport, which only has one runway, this new international airport will help us increase international flights,” she said. “The planned state-of-the-art airport and modern port will serve as vital infrastructure, creating a financial zone that is expected to draw both international and local investors.”

Valued at approximately $650 million, the New Mogadishu initiative is expected to significantly boost Somalia’s economic development.

On behalf of Somali business community, Mohamud Abdikarim Gabeyre, the chairman of the Somali Chamber of Commerce and Industry,  welcomed the initiative.

“New Mogadishu, on the northern outskirts of the capital, is a project we welcome because we heard that the Somali business community will get the priority of the investment, and we hope it will be successful,” he said.

On Wednesday, the president also inaugurated a $400 million groundbreaking development project named Gateway Complex, poised to transform Somalia’s capital by introducing Somalia’s first five-star hotel, managed by the globally recognized Rotana hospitality group, and an international convention center capable of hosting up to 5,000 attendees.

Plans also feature premium hotel apartments, a 300-bed modern hospital, a leading school, a vibrant shopping complex, residential units and recreational facilities.

Mogadishu has long suffered from lawlessness and terrorist attacks. Although the capabilities of the al-Shabab terrorist group have been weakened, it continues to pose a threat by assassinating civilians, particularly those who install security cameras on their shops and business centers.

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Somalia ‘open’ to Ethiopian troop role

The Somali government is “open” to a potential role for Ethiopian troops in an African Union mission scheduled to take over peacekeeping operations in the country next month.

A senior Somali government official on Thursday told VOA’s Horn of Africa Service that the Somali government has “secured” and “allocated” all troops needed from the four other AU-troop-contributing countries — Burundi, Djibouti, Kenya and Uganda — to participate in the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia, or AUSSOM. He spoke on condition of anonymity because he had not been cleared to speak with reporters.

But Somali leaders, he added, are now “ready to reconsider” Ethiopian involvement in AUSSOM following a conciliatory dialogue between the countries hosted by Turkey last week.

In recent months, Mogadishu had repeatedly demanded that Addis Ababa withdraw its troops from Somali territory unless Ethiopia canceled a controversial Memorandum of Understanding with Somalia’s breakaway region of Somaliland. The memorandum grants Ethiopia access to a 20-kilometer stretch of Red Sea coastline in return for potential recognition of Somaliland’s independence.

The anonymous official said although Somalia secured all troops from those four AU nations to compensate for the absence of Ethiopian troops, the recent diplomatic breakthrough has reopened the door for involving Ethiopia’s military support.

During the talks in Ankara, Ethiopia and Somalia agreed to respect each other’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity.

The possible breakthrough came just weeks after a spokesperson for Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nebiat Getachew, told media outlets that Ethiopia’s focus was on al-Shabab.

“Ethiopia’s key role, in any situation — in bringing al-Shabab to a level where it cannot be a threat to the region, as well as its role in the establishment and stability of the Somali government — is known both by the Somalis and the international community,” he said.

“It is an undeniable fact that the Ethiopian army has made sacrifices in blood and bones for this great result,” Nebiat added. “The work of weakening the [Somalia-based] al-Shabab terrorist group will continue under any circumstances so that it does not pose a threat to our national security and the victories achieved through the sacrifices made so far are not reversed.”

In a Thursday meeting, the AU’s peace and security council expressed concern about the threat posed by al-Shabab and condemned the group’s attacks on Somali and AU forces.

The AU appealed to the U.N. Security Council to explore financing options for AUSSOM.

“This is vital for #AUSSOM to fulfill its mandate & support the #Somalia Security Sector Development Plan (SSDP),” the AU said in a post on the X social media platform.

Starting in January, AUSSOM will have 11,900 personnel operating on the ground in Somalia, including soldiers, police and civilian support staff, according to Somali and AU officials.

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France’s Macron visits cyclone-devastated Mayotte as residents plead for aid

MAMOUDZOU, MAYOTTE — French President Emmanuel Macron arrived Thursday in the Indian Ocean archipelago of Mayotte to survey Cyclone Chido’s destruction and was immediately confronted with a firsthand account of devastation across the French territory. 

“Mayotte is demolished,” Assane Haloi, a security agent, told Macron after he stepped off the plane. 

Macron had been moving along in a line of people greeting him when Haloi grasped his hand and spoke for a minute about the harrowing conditions the islands faced without bare essentials since Saturday when the strongest cyclone in nearly a century ripped through the French territory off the coast of Africa. 

“We are without water, without electricity, there is nowhere to go because everything is demolished,” she said. “We can’t even shelter, we are all wet with our children covering ourselves with whatever we have so that we can sleep.” 

Numbers of dead unknown 

At least 31 people have died and more than 1,500 people were injured, more than 200 critically, French authorities said. But it’s feared hundreds or even thousands of people have died. 

Macron arrived shortly after The Associated Press and other journalists from outside were able to reach Mayotte to provide accounts from survivors of the horror over the weekend when winds howled above 220 kph (136 mph) and peeled the roofs and walls from homes that collapsed around the people sheltering inside. 

In the shantytown Kaweni on the outskirts of the capital Mamoudzou, a swath of hillside homes was reduced to scraps of corrugated metal, plastic, piles of bedding and clothing, and pieces of timber marking the frame where homes once stood. 

“Those of us who are here are still in shock, but God let us live,” Nassirou Hamidouni said as he dug in the rubble of his former home. “We are sad. We can’t sleep because of all of the houses that have been destroyed.” 

Macron took a helicopter tour of the damage and then met with patients and staff at a hospital, who described having to work around the clock. 

A woman who works in the psychological unit became emotional as she described staff becoming exhausted and unable to care for patients. 

“Help the hospital staff, help the hospital,” pleaded the woman, whose name was not known. “Everyone from top to bottom is wiped out.” 

More help on the way 

Macron, who was wearing a traditional red, black and gold Mayotte scarf over his white dress shirt and tie, put his hand on her shoulder as she wiped away tears. 

He sought to reassure people that food, medical aid and additional rescuers arrived with him and more help was on its way in the form of water and a field hospital to be set up Friday. A navy ship brought 180 tons of aid and equipment, the French military said. 

But the visit took a testy turn when Macron was criticized for being out of touch about what was happening on the ground by a man who said they had gone six days in Ouangani without water or a visit from rescue services. 

The president said it took the military four days to clear the roads and get a plan in place to deliver aid. 

“If you want to continue shouting to get airtime,” Macron said as he was cut off, by the man saying he didn’t intend to shout. “If you are interested in my response, if not I will walk away.” 

Residents have expressed agony at not knowing if loved ones were dead or missing, partly because of the hasty burials required under Muslim practice to lay the dead to rest within 24 hours. 

“We’re dealing with open-air mass graves,” said Estelle Youssoufa, who represents Mayotte in the French parliament. “There are no rescuers, no one has come to recover the buried bodies.” 

Macron acknowledged that many who died haven’t been reported. He said phone services will be repaired “in the coming days” so that people can report their missing loved ones. 

France’s poorest territory 

Mayotte, with a population of 320,000 residents and an estimated 100,000 additional migrants, is France’s poorest territory. 

It is part of an archipelago located between mainland Africa’s east coast and northern Madagascar that had been a French colony. Mayotte voted to remain part of France in a 1974 referendum as the rest of the islands became the independent nation of Comoros. 

The cyclone devastated entire neighborhoods as many people ignored warnings, thinking the storm wouldn’t be so extreme. 

Signs of the disaster and its impact were everywhere. 

Streets remained swamped in puddles. Bright clothing was hung to dry on the wooden frames of homes and along the railings of a footbridge over a debris-strewn stream in the Kaweni slum. Throngs of motorbikes and cars lined up at a gas station still in service. 

Families sprawled out on blankets at a school where 500 people were taking shelter. Women washed clothing in buckets of water as children played with the pieces of a giant chessboard. 

Alibouna Haithouna, a displaced mother of four, was with her own mother who had been forced to leave a hospital after her son died there. 

“There was a tragedy. We lost my brother. We are here,” Haithouna said. “My brother’s body, we haven’t been able to get it from the hospital because there is a lot of paperwork to do and in addition to that you have to pay to recover the body.”

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Stampede in southwestern Nigerian city causes multiple deaths

ABUJA — A stampede at a religious event in Ibadan, the capital of Nigeria’s southwest Oyo state, resulted in multiple deaths and injuries, Governor Seyi Makinde said on Wednesday. 

The incident occurred at an Islamic high school where a large crowd had gathered for a family event.  

“While investigations are ongoing, the primary organizers of the event that led to this stampede have been taken into custody,” Makinde said in a statement posted on X. 

Reuters could not immediately establish how many people had died or what caused the incident. 

Emergency services, including medical personnel and ambulances, were immediately dispatched to the scene, Makinde said.  

Security forces were also deployed to control the situation and prevent further casualties. The event has been halted, and the rest of the attendees have been safely evacuated from the venue, he said. 

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UN peacekeepers guard Congolese farmers working their fields

DHENDRO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO — Under a scorching sun in the Democratic Republic of Congo, many of the farmers tending to their fields in the troubled eastern region are guarded by United Nations peacekeepers.

The U.N. mission has fallen under increasing scrutiny over the years as the eastern conflict between rebel groups, self-defense forces and other militias has raged.

But in this corner of Djugu territory in the village of Dhendro, farmers are unequivocal in their support for the U.N. force known by the acronym MONUSCO. The farmers, many displaced from their homes by the conflict, shelter in camps near the U.N. bases.

“I came here because of the presence of MONUSCO. It’s thanks to their presence that I’m going to the field; otherwise I’m afraid,” 23-year-old Lokana Heritier, who left his village to live closer to the blue helmets, told Reuters.

MONUSCO has been deployed in Congo since 2010, when it took over from an earlier U.N. operation to secure the troubled eastern region that borders Rwanda.

The operation to guard farmers who grow corn, beans, potatoes and manioc is known as “Secure Harvest” and it aims to allow them to work freely during the harvesting season and provide protection from militia groups who steal produce and kill people.

“The main objective is to secure the farmers in their farmland when they are working. We believe this is directly linked to the protection of civilians that MONUSCO is mandated for,” Brigadier General Monzurul Alam told Reuters.

Last year, the U.N. Security Council approved the end of the mission at the request of President Felix Tshisekedi. The 13,500-strong force had faced attacks and protests over perceptions that it had failed to secure the population.

Congo’s government reversed course in July and asked MONUSCO to remain in Ituri and North Kivu provinces until conditions were met for the force’s departure, without providing further details.

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More than 2 million Nigerians kidnapped in one year, survey finds

Abuja, Nigeria — Security officials in Nigeria are raising concerns after a National Bureau of Statistics survey revealed that more than 2 million people were kidnapped in the West African nation between May 2023 and April 2024, and that Nigerians paid a cumulative $1.42 billion to kidnappers within the same period.

The NBS released its Crime Experience and Security Perception Survey 2024 on Tuesday. The report said some 600,000 Nigerians were killed and 2.2 million others abducted across the country between May 2023 and April 2024.

Armed gangs, known locally as bandits, were mostly responsible for the escalation of violence in northwest and north central Nigeria, while terror-related violence was reported in the northeast region of Nigeria.

The report said 91% of the kidnappings were attributed to ransom demands, while other cases were due to political, criminal or terrorist motives. It also said Nigerians spent $1.4 billion cumulatively to free their loved ones from kidnappers at an average of $1,700 per incident.

Security analyst Senator Iroegbu said the report is no surprise.

“The figure is not surprising. The only difference is that the media focus has shifted, and that’s what makes it look as if it [insecurity] has reduced,” Iroegbu said. “So, this report has brought back to light what is going on.”

According to the NBS report, 82.1% of the kidnapped victims were released, 12.8% were killed, 3.3% remained in captivity and the outcome of about 1.3% of victims was unknown.

The report comes amid growing security concerns in Africa’s most populous nation already struggling to curb a range of insecurities that have stretched the security forces thin.

It also revealed that nearly seven out of 10 households in Nigeria reported murder cases to the police within the same period.

Security analyst Saheed Shehu said the trend is worrying.

“These figures should serve as a yardstick as a baseline for the president and commander-in-chief to hold his military, police, accountable,” Shehu said. “The figures should serve as a tool to hold the leaders of the security agencies accountable. We should not just be reading figures and then wait for the end of 2025 to release another figure.”

In November, Nigeria announced the discovery of a new terror group known as Lakurawa but said security forces were already on their trail.

Two weeks ago, Nigerian defense authorities said the military killed a total of 8,000 terrorists and apprehended over 11,000 suspects and rescued over 6,000 victims between January and December.

But Shehu is skeptical.

“This report coming from the National Bureau of Statistics — to be honest, it makes me to be at a quandary whether the reports we’re getting from security agencies of successes … it does not balance with this report,” Shehu said. “So, something must be wrong somewhere.”

Improving security is a major challenge for President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s government as it desperately seeks to attract foreign investments to grow the country’s struggling economy.

Nigeria allocated about $4 billion, or 12% of this year’s budget, to defense and security — the largest single allocation to any sector.

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South Sudan set to hold elections in 2026, but will it be ready?

JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN — South Sudan is due to hold long-delayed general elections in December 2026, and some wonder if the world’s youngest nation will be ready.

The vote was set for this month but was delayed for a number of reasons, including the need for more time to complete a census, draft a permanent constitution and register political parties.

The postponement, first announced in June, extended the term of the current transitional government, headed by President Salva Kiir.

Abendengo Akok, head of South Sudan’s National Electoral Commission, told VOA that the political will must be present for the vote to be successful, using as an example the 2018 peace agreement that ended the country’s civil war.

“If we are serious, two years are enough for us to run the election,” Akok said, adding that adequate funding is necessary for a successful vote.

Nicholas Haysom, the head of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, warned last week that mismanaged elections could reignite violence and upset South Sudan’s stability.

“We have been insisting that properly prepared elections, which have also been preceded by proper trust-building exercises, can play a significant role in taking an exercise which can be very divisive and make it a nation-building exercise,” he said.

People coming together to vote, he said, will help them recognize that “together they control the future of South Sudan.”

South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011. The country was set to hold its maiden election in 2015, but civil war broke out in 2013. Kiir and rebel leader Riek Machar, Kiir’s former vice president, were locked in a power struggle, triggering fighting between forces loyal to each man.

In 2018, Kiir and Machar signed the comprehensive peace agreement, which was to culminate in elections this month. In June, however, Kiir and Machar agreed to push the election out another two years.

Wani Yusuf was 14 years old when he cast his vote in the referendum to secede from Sudan. Now he looks forward to casting his first vote as an adult and believes he will make an informed and independent decision in helping choose South Sudan’s first democratically elected government.

Yusuf, however, questioned whether the 2026 vote will materialize.

“When you look at the period that we spend postponing the election, it still tells you that that if they cannot conduct election in that time up to now, then there is also high possibility that election might not take place within those two years’ time,” he said.

Apart from budgetary constraints, the electoral commission still needs to conduct a census and draw up guidelines, which will take up to 17 months, according to the document outlining the delay in the vote.

These processes have not started because of a lack of a budget, according to Gabriel Deng, the electoral commission’s deputy chair.

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US repatriates 3 Guantanamo detainees, one held 17 years without charge

WASHINGTON — The United States has transferred two Malaysian detainees at the Guantanamo Bay U.S. military prison to their home country after they pleaded guilty to charges related to deadly 2002 bombings in Bali and agreed to testify against the alleged ringleader of that and other attacks, the Pentagon said Wednesday.

Prosecutors say Mohammed Farik bin Amin and Mohammed Nazir bin Lep worked for years with Encep Nurjaman, known as Hambali, an Indonesian leader of al-Qaida affiliate Jemaah Islamiyah. That includes helping Nurjaman escape after bombings on Oct. 12, 2002, killed 202 people at two nightspots in Bali, U.S. officials said.

The two men entered guilty pleas to conspiracy and other charges in January. Their transfer comes after they provided testimony that prosecutors plan to use against Nurjaman, the alleged mastermind, the Pentagon said in a statement.

Nurjaman is in custody in Guantanamo awaiting resumption of pretrial hearings in January involving the Bali bombings and other attacks.

The two Malaysian men’s transfers leave 27 detainees in custody at the U.S. naval base in Guantanamo Bay. Then-President George W. Bush set up a military tribunal and prison after the Sept. 11, 2001, al-Qaida attacks on the United States.

At its peak, Guantanamo detained hundreds of men, most of them Muslim, in the U.S.-led global war on terrorism after the attacks.

Just two of the men at Guantanamo are serving sentences. U.S. prosecution of seven others currently facing charges has been slowed by legal obstacles — including those presented by the torture of the men in their first years under CIA custody — and logistical difficulties.

Kenyan held 17 years

On Tuesday, U.S. authorities repatriated a Kenyan man, Mohammed Abdul Malik Bajabu, after 17 years at Guantanamo without charge.

His release leaves 15 other never-charged men awaiting release. The U.S. is searching for suitable and stable countries willing to take them. Many are from Yemen, a country split by war and dominated by an Iranian-allied militant group.

Amnesty International urged President Joe Biden to end the detention of those never-charged men before he leaves office. If not, the rights group said in a statement, “he will continue to bear responsibility for the abhorrent practice of indefinite detention without charge or trial by the U.S. government.”

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Eleza Fact project works to stop spread of misinformation in Democratic Republic of Congo

In the city of Goma, a group of Congolese journalists are battling a flood of medical misinformation that can have tragic consequences. Reporter Zanem Nety Zaidi has this story from Goma, the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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