Plan to Silence Big Ben’s Beloved Bell Under Review

British Parliament officials said Wednesday they will review plans to silence Big Ben during four years of repairs after senior politicians criticized the lengthy muting of the beloved bell.

When the repairs were announced last year, officials said the massive bell in Parliament’s clock tower would be silenced for several months. But this week they said the ringing pause would last until 2021.

Prime Minister Theresa May said “it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years.”

The 13.5 British ton (15.1 U.S. ton, 13.7 metric ton) bell has sounded the time almost uninterrupted since 1859, but it’s due to fall silent on Monday so repairs can be carried out on the Victorian clock and the Elizabeth Tower.

Officials say the silencing is needed to ensure the safety of workers.

Adam Watrobski, principal architect at the Houses of Parliament, rejected claims that the great bell that survived German bombing raids was the victim of overcautious health and safety regulations.

“It is quite simply that we can’t have the bells working with those people adjacent to it. It simply isn’t practical to do that,” he said.

In a statement Wednesday headlined “update on Big Ben’s bongs,” Parliament officials said that in light of the concerns expressed by lawmakers, authorities “will consider the length of time” Big Ben is stifled.

But they rejected calls to allow the bell to strike at night once workers have gone home. “Starting and stopping Big Ben is a complex and lengthy process,” they said.

The sound of Big Ben’s bongs became associated with Britain around the world during wartime BBC news broadcasts. It’s still heard live each day on BBC radio through a microphone in the belfry.

The BBC says it will use a recording during the renovation works.

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Afghan Migrant ‘Little Picasso’ Offered Serbian Citizenship

Serbia offered a 10-year-old migrant from Afghanistan, who has been nicknamed “Little Picasso” because of his talent for painting, and his family citizenship on Wednesday, after they spent eight months in a refugee camp while seeking to reach Switzerland.

Serbia’s President Aleksandar Vucic made the offer to Farhad Nouri, which also included a job for his father, upon meeting the five-member family in his office. Nouri’s drawings and photographs were put on display last week in what was also a charity event to raise money for a Serbian boy recovering from brain tumor surgery.

Nouri and his family left their home in Afghanistan two years ago. Upon their arrival in Serbia, Nouri joined art classes organized by aid groups, and his talent soon turned him into a local celebrity.

“I know for how long you have travelled and that you want to go to Switzerland,” Vucic said. “But if you decide to stay, we will give you the citizenship now.”

The family is among some 5,000 migrants who have been stranded in Serbia after fleeing wars and poverty in their homelands. They have been unable to move on toward Western Europe, which has sought to curb the influx of migrants.

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Ireland Rejects EU’s Demand to Collect Billions From Apple

Ireland’s finance minister rejected the European Commission’s demand that it retroactively collect 13 billion euros in taxes from Apple, saying this was not Dublin’s job in an interview with Germany’s Frankfurter Allgemeine (FAZ) newspaper.

In the interview, extracts from which the FAZ published on Wednesday, Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe said the tax rules from which Apple benefited had been available to all and not tailored for the U.S. technology giant. They did not violate European or Irish law, he added.

“We are not the global tax collector for everybody else,” the paper quoted him as saying. The European Commission last year ruled that Apple paid so little tax on its Ireland-based operations that it amounted to state aid.

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In Rare Rebuke of Trump, UK’s May Says Leaders Must Condemn Far-Right Views

British Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday there was no equivalence between fascists and those who opposed them, a rare rebuke of U.S. President Donald Trump by one of his closest foreign allies.

Trump inflamed tensions after a deadly rally of white supremacists in Charlottesville, Virginia, by insisting that counter-protesters were also to blame, drawing condemnation from some Republican leaders and praise from white far-right groups.

“There’s no equivalence, I see no equivalence between those who propound fascist views and those who oppose them and I think it is important for all those in positions of responsibility to condemn far-right views wherever we hear them,” May told reporters when asked to comment on Trump’s stance.

On Monday, May’s spokesman had said that while Britain condemned racism, what the U.S. president said was “a matter for him”.

May has been widely criticized by domestic political opponents for her efforts to cultivate close ties with Trump, who she visited at the White House days after his inauguration and invited for a state visit to Britain.

Her openly critical comment on Wednesday was an unexpected shift from May, who is keen to cement what she and many other Britons see as a “special relationship” between London and Washington as Britain prepares to leave the European Union.

The invitation to Trump to make a state visit to Britain sparked immediate controversy in Britain when the U.S. head of state announced his widely-criticized ban on travel from Muslim-majority countries just hours after May left the White House.

Trump’s stance on the Charlottesville violence drew renewed calls for Trump’s state visit, which would be hosted by Queen Elizabeth and involve lavish pageantry, to be cancelled. May had rejected similar calls after previous Trump-related controversies.

“Donald Trump has shown he is unable to detach himself from the extreme-right and racial supremacists,” said Vince Cable, leader of the opposition Liberal Democrats. “It would be completely wrong to have this man visit the UK on a State Visit.”

No date has been announced for the visit.

 

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Zambian Opposition Leader Calls on Government to Free Detained Party Members

Zambian opposition leader Hakainde Hichilema called on the government to free several members of his party who are still being detained over various charges hours after he was released from prison on Wednesday.

The state prosecutor dropped charges against him of plotting to overthrow the government. Hichilema and five others were arrested in April and charged with treason after his convoy failed to make way for President Edgar Lungu’s motorcade.

“I can’t say I am free when our members are in detention,” he told hundreds of supporters outside his party’s headquarters and called for the end of the arrest of his party’s members, adding “if it doesn’t end I am willing to go back to prison.”

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NYC Church to Remove 2 Plaques Honoring Robert E. Lee

Leaders of a New York Episcopal diocese say they’ll remove two plaques honoring Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee from a church property in Brooklyn.

Bishop Lawrence Provenzano, leader of the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island, told Newsday the two plaques outside St. John’s Episcopal Church are being removed Wednesday.

The United Daughters of the Confederacy markers commemorate the spot where Lee is said to have planted a tree while serving in the U.S. Army at Fort Hamilton in New York in the 1840s. Two decades later, he became commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.

The removal comes in the wake of last weekend’s deadly white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, where white supremacists protested plans to remove a Lee statue from a public park.

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Trump Leaves Top Strategist’s Future in Limbo: ‘We’ll See’

President Donald Trump is saying “we’ll see what happens” with top strategist Steve Bannon.

 

The president refused to express confidence in Bannon during an impromptu news conference Tuesday.

 

“He’s a good person. He actually gets very unfair press in that regard,” Trump said. “But we’ll see what happens with Mr. Bannon.”

 

Bannon was a key general election campaign adviser and has been a forceful but contentious presence in a divided White House. The former leader of conservative Breitbart News has drawn fire from some of Trump’s closest advisers, including son-in-law Jared Kushner.

Though Bannon has survived being on the outs at earlier points in the administration, the president is being pressed anew to fire him. The anti-Bannon campaign comes as Trump is facing heated criticism for not immediately condemning by name white supremacists and other hate groups after deadly violence last weekend in Charlottesville, Virginia.

 

Bannon once described Breitbart as “the platform for the alt-right.”

 

Speaking to reporters in Trump Tower, the president said Bannon is a friend and “not a racist.”

That less-than-enthusiastic defense called into question Bannon’s own assessment of the situation: He had been telling people that he believed his job was safe, following a conversation in recent days with new chief of staff John Kelly, according to a White House official who demanded anonymity to discuss private exchanges.

 

The decision whether to drop Bannon is more than just a personnel matter. The media guru is viewed in some circles as Trump’s connection to his base and the protector of Trump’s disruptive, conservative agenda.

 

A Tuesday headline on Breitbart equated his potential ouster to the president being urged to “Give Trump Voters Middle Finger.”

Ned Ryun, a conservative strategist who occasionally advises the White House, wrote on Twitter, “Cannot tell you how bad a signal it would be to (at)realdonaldtrump’s base if Bannon is forced out.”

 

But Bannon’s high profile and puppet-master image have at times irked a president who doesn’t like to share the spotlight and bristles at the suggestion that he needs a liaison to his base.

 

In April, Trump diminished Bannon’s role to that of “a guy who works for me.”

 

The president doubled down on that dismissiveness at Tuesday’s press conference, distancing Bannon from his unexpectedly successful presidential campaign.

 

“I went through 17 senators, governors, and I won all the primaries. Mr. Bannon came on very much later than that,” he said.

 

Bannon’s supporters say Trump is being urged by advisers such as chief economic adviser Gary Cohn and deputy national security adviser Dina Powell to fire him.

 

Kelly has also expressed concerns to Trump about Bannon, and is said to be particularly angry with a flood of negative stories about national security adviser H.R. McMaster that some in the White House believe are being leaked by Bannon. That’s according to two people briefed on the personnel discussions taking place who are not authorized to speak publicly.

Kelly has grown weary of the conservative attacks on McMaster and believes that even if Bannon is not personally responsible for them, he has not done enough to quell them. Bannon has denied being behind the anti-McMaster campaign.

 

The public squabbling among White House advisers is precisely the sort of drama Kelly was brought in to stop.

 

The chief of staff is embarking on a weeks-long personnel review of West Wing staff and has indicated to aides that significant changes could be coming, according to an official familiar with Kelly’s plans but not authorized to speak publicly.

 

Although Bannon enjoys a vocal core of supporters outside the White House, most of Trump’s most trusted advisers long ago soured on him. Kushner and Ivanka Trump’s opposition to Bannon’s West Wing role is well-known, but they’re staying out of personnel decisions about him, according to a White House official.

 

Bannon’s backers include Rep. Mark Meadows, the head of the House’s Freedom Caucus, an array of Breitbart-like media and the Zionist Organization of America, which has spoken out in opposition to McMaster.

 

Bannon didn’t respond to requests for comment.

 

He has told associates that he has no plans to leave the White House and would only do so if Trump fires him. He has been trying to keep a low profile during Trump’s break from Washington and ride out the storm — the same strategy he employed during clashes earlier this year with Kushner.

 

At the start of the administration, Bannon was its driving force, a near-constant presence in the Oval Office leading the charge to roll back Obama-era regulations and push through the president’s travel ban. Blowback to the botched introduction of the ban, which was rolled out quickly with little outside consultation, angered many in the administration, including Kelly, then head of Homeland Security.

 

In the hours before Trump spoke to the press Tuesday, Kelly was spotted eating lunch at a nearby hotel with aides. Playing on the TV screen above him was a cable news program with its ticker displaying speculation about Bannon’s future.

 

Kelly did not look up.

 

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Workers Remove Baltimore Confederate Monuments Overnight

Confederate monuments have been removed overnight in Baltimore.

Local news outlets report that workers hauled the monuments away early Wednesday, days after a white nationalist rally in Virginia turned deadly.

 

WBAL-TV reports that a crane removed a monument to Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson” from its pedestal around 3 a.m. and placed it on a flatbed truck 45 minutes later.

 

Photos taken by The Baltimore Sun shows workers taking away a monument dedicated to the Confederate Women of Maryland.

Baltimore Mayor Catherine Pugh told the newspaper that crews began removing the city’s four Confederate monuments late Tuesday and finished around 5:30 a.m. Wednesday.

 

Pugh said the monuments “needed to come down.” The mayor watched as workers removed the statues in the dark.

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Egypt Archaeologists Discover Tombs Dating Back 2,000 Years

Egypt’s antiquities ministry says that archaeologists have discovered three tombs dating back more than 2,000 years, from the Ptolemaic Period.

The discovery was made in the Nile Valley province of Minya south of Cairo, in an area known as al-Kamin al-Sahrawi.

Tuesday’s statement by the ministry says the unearthed sarcophagi and clay fragments suggest that the area was a large necropolis from sometime between the 27th Dynasty and the Greco-Roman period.

One of the tombs has a burial shaft carved in rock and leads to a chamber where anthropoid lids and four sarcophagi for two women and two men were found. Another tomb contains two chambers; one of them has six burial holes, including one for a child.

Excavation work for the third tomb is still underway.

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Trump Renews Twitter Criticism of Amazon

President Donald Trump is renewing his attacks on e-commerce giant Amazon, and he says the company is “doing great damage to tax paying retailers.”

 

Trump tweets that “towns, cities and states throughout the U.S. are being hurt — many jobs being lost!”

The president has often criticized the company and CEO Jeff Bezos, who also owns The Washington Post.

 

Many traditional retailers are closing stores and blaming Amazon for a shift to buying goods online. But the company has been hiring thousands of warehouse workers on the spot at job fairs across the country. Amazon has announced goal of adding 100,000 full-time workers by the middle of next year.

 

 

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Kenyan Election Official Delayed, Allowed to Fly to US

Kenyan officials say a top electoral official, among those who oversaw Kenya’s disputed presidential election, was delayed while on her way to the U.S.

The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission said via Twitter Wednesday that commissioner Roselyn Akombe delayed at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport by officials who have since apologized. She is to return from the U.S. on Sunday.

Earlier Wednesday, officials who insisted on anonymity for fear of reprisals said Akombe was stopped by security agents from boarding a flight to New York late Tuesday. Officials say her luggage was offloaded and she was told to seek clearance to travel from the director of immigration.

 

Opposition leader Raila Odinga has rejected the official results of the presidential election, which show he lost to incumbent Uhuru Kenyatta. Odinga claims that the vote was rigged.

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US Air Force Upgrades Middle East Command Center

With its wall-sized screens simultaneously showing America’s air wars in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan, this war room at the heart of America’s biggest military campaigns is already something of a technological marvel.

“It’s state of the art but too slow for the future,” said General David Goldfein, chief of staff of the Air Force, who is visiting the center at Qatar’s Al Udeid Air Base this week with Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson.

Enter innovation to bridge the gap. The Qatar-based operations center is undergoing a series of upgrades to its top-secret computer systems to transform how war planners here do business.

Combined Air Operations Center

The Combined Air Operations Center, known in military-speak as the “CAOC,” is grappling with a dizzying amount of data and intelligence flowing in from sources like satellites, drones, radar and U.S. aircraft flying over Middle East hot spots and bombing Islamic State positions.

Lieutenant General Jeffrey Harrigian, head of U.S. Air Force’s operations throughout the region, has championed the technology push with Goldfein’s support to take better advantage of that data.

That will often mean lessening the roles of humans in jobs that can now be done more efficiently and accurately by computer software.

New software is being developed in partnership with the Pentagon’s Silicon Valley arm, known as the Defense Innovation Unit Experimental, the goal of which is to speed delivery of technology to the front lines.

“I saw an opportunity to provide a tool to our airmen in a short period of time that would not only improve our effectiveness but our efficiency,” Harrigian said in an interview, adding that the effort got underway last year.

‘Tanker planning tool’

One such application in the works will simplify the way the Air Force plans air strikes against potential targets, consolidating data from separate programs that, as of now, do not synch with each other.

Perhaps the biggest advancement so far is a software tool introduced early this year that is already guiding one of the most logistically complicated missions of the wars — refueling U.S. warplanes while they are in flight.

Previously, war planners used an excel worksheet and a white board to pair U.S. warplanes with specialized “tanker” jets that can refuel them in the air.

It used to take a planning team a combined 35 to 40 hours each day to get the job done. With the new software, that time has been cut in half, the Air Force said.

The so-called “tanker planning tool” was also developed in months, not years, something that is an anomaly in the Pentagon’s often laborious acquisition system.

“The standard acquisition system was not going to get us the product we wanted,” Harrigian said, explaining that his own team could sit next to the coders, telling them what they needed the tanker planning tool to do.

Harrigian said his team in Qatar has also taken important steps to improve the way it reviews intelligence data, helping him to view battlefield trends in new ways.

Syria air defenses

Of particular interest to Harrigian are air defenses in Syria, employed by Russian and Syrian forces.

“I said, ‘I need a better understanding of a pattern of life of what the Syrian and Russian (integrated air defenses) are doing,’” Harrigian said.

“So those guys reached back to locations in the States where they had basically the software and infrastructure.”

 

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Boko Haram Bombers Kill 20 at Village in Northeast Nigeria

Suicide bombers attacked a camp for internally displaced people and a nearby market in a northeastern Nigeria village Tuesday, killing at least 20 people, a local official said Tuesday.

Village chief Lawan Kalli said Tuesday at least three suicide bombers entered Mandarari’s market around 5 p.m. posing as buyers, then an undetermined number went to the nearby camp for people displaced by Nigeria’s conflict while at least one stayed at the market. They all detonated their explosives almost simultaneously, he said.

“Our village is right at the entrance into Konduga town and that is where both the camp and the makeshift market are situated, which made us an instant target point of the insurgents,” Kalli said.

At least 80 people were injured and were rushed to the hospital in Maiduguri, a town about 30 kilometers (18 miles) away, he said.

Musa Bura, a youth volunteer in nearby Konduga town, said most members of the local defense force were on guard at the market and not the nearby camp.

“The suicide bombers came, three in number. One went into the camp and detonated and almost immediately everywhere turned into disarray, and in the confusion, the two other suicide bombers detonated in the market,” he said.

The death toll will likely rise, he predicted.

Boko Haram’s eight-year insurgency has displaced millions in Nigeria and neighboring countries and has killed more than 20,000 people.

The Islamic insurgents also staged attacks late Monday that killed seven people in the communities of Nyibango and Muduhu in the Madagali Local Government Area of Adamawa, said the chairman of the Madagali Local Government Council, Yusuf Muhammed.

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Thousands Flee as Iraq Steps Up Airstrikes on IS-held Town

Thousands of Iraqis have fled an Islamic State-held town west of Mosul as Iraqi and coalition warplanes step up strikes ahead of a ground offensive to drive out the militants.

Tal Afar and the surrounding area is one of the last pockets of IS-held territory in Iraq after victory was declared in July in Mosul, the country’s second-largest city. The town, about 150 kilometers (93 miles) east of the Syrian border, sits along a major road that was once a key IS supply route.

On Monday, hundreds of exhausted civilians were brought by Iraqi army trucks from the front line to a humanitarian collection point just west of Mosul. Many described a harrowing journey of a day or more from Tal Afar, with no food or water.

Jassem Aziz Tabo, an elderly man who arrived with his 12-member family, said he had left Tal Afar months ago and gone to a village on the outskirts to escape hunger, airstrikes and violence from the militants.

“Those who tried to escape were captured and shot in the head. They killed my son,” he said. “He tried to escape, he was caught and they killed him.”

He said severe shortages had caused the price of food to skyrocket in Tal Afar, which has been besieged by Iraqi forces for months, with a kilogram (2.2 pounds) of sugar selling for $50.

“There was nothing. We were eating pieces of bread with water,” he said.

Alia Imad, a mother of three whose family paid $300 to a smuggler to lead them to safety, said there was no drinking water left in the town. “Most people drink water that’s not clean. The majority are surviving on that and a bit of bread,” she said.

The people she was with had come under fire during their escape from the militants, she said. A woman was killed, and they had to bury her by the road.

‘Very tough’ conditions

Lise Grande, the U.N. humanitarian coordinator, said conditions in Tal Afar were “very tough.”

“Thousands of people are leaving, seeking safety and assistance. Families escaping northeast are trekking 10 and up to 20 hours to reach mustering points. They are exhausted and many are dehydrated when they finally arrive,” she said.

Lieutenant General Anwar Hama, of the Iraqi air force, told The Associated Press that airstrikes this week had targeted IS headquarters, tunnels and weapon storage sites.

But Iraqi forces, closely backed by the U.S.-led coalition, are not expected to push into the town for another few weeks, according to an Iraqi officer overseeing the operation. He spoke on condition of anonymity in line with regulations.

Iraqi army, federal police and special forces units are expected to participate in the operation, as well as state-sanctioned mostly Shiite militias known as the Popular Mobilization Forces.

Militiamen plan bigger role

The militiamen largely stayed out of the operation to retake Mosul, a mostly Sunni city, but have vowed to play a bigger role in Tal Afar, which was mostly Shiite before it fell to IS, a Sunni extremist group. The militias captured Tal Afar’s airport, on the outskirts of the town, last year.

Their participation in the coming offensive could heighten sectarian and regional tensions. Tal Afar was once home to Shiite and Sunni Arabs, as well as a sizable ethnic Turkmen community with close ties to neighboring Turkey. Turkish officials have expressed concern that once territory is liberated from IS, Iraqi Kurdish or Shiite forces may push out Sunni Arabs or ethnic Turkmen.

Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bekir Bozdag said his country would be watching the operation closely.

“Tal Afar is a town where almost the entire population is Turkmen. We have always considered it a priority for the region to be cleared from [IS] and for it to be returned to its owners,” Bozdag said after a Cabinet meeting Tuesday.

“Turkey has always said that the region’s demographic and religious makeup must be taken into consideration,” Bozdag said. The state-backed militias “should not enter the region.”

On Monday, the Iraqi army began moving an armored brigade to the front line south of Tal Afar, while an infantry division was deployed about 30 kilometers (19 miles) to the town’s east.

Brigadier General Abdul Hussein al-Khazali, deputy commander of the army’s 15th division, said his forces were going to inch closer to Tal Afar village by village before launching the final attack, partly to ensure they can protect fleeing civilians.

The United Nations says 49,000 people have fled the Tal Afar district since April, compounding a humanitarian crisis that has lingered despite the cessation of major fighting inside Mosul. It says nearly a million people were displaced by the Mosul campaign.

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Jordan Holds Local Elections in Step to Devolve Powers

Jordan held local elections Tuesday in a move that officials said would help devolve some powers to larger cities and underdeveloped rural regions, but that critics said fell short of promised wider political reform.

The countrywide municipal vote — the first since 2013 — was a stated bid by the government to bring wider grass-roots democracy that King Abdullah has said would provided marginalized communities with a bigger voice in state decisions.

Over 1.3 million people, or 31 percent of those eligible, voted Tuesday, said the head of the government-run electoral commission, Khaled Kalaldeh. Over 30,000 police were deployed to secure more than 5,000 polling stations nationwide.

Over 6,000 candidates competed for 1,833 seats on 100 city and town councils and 12 new provincial councils that will have the decisive say on investments in infrastructure and other projects of regional concern.

“Decisions on major developmental projects are now in their [provincial] hands and they are the ones who will set the priorities, not the ministries in the capital,” a senior government official told Reuters.

Last year parliament approved a decentralization law that established the provincial councils, with a 10 percent quota for women to encourage their participation.

“The Jordanian state continues to encourage elections and dialogue through the ballot boxes, at a time when we are surrounded by bloodshed and violence,” government spokesman Mohammad al Momani said.

Reproducing ‘past woes’

But critics said the election turnout pointed to widespread voter apathy, particularly in the capital, Amman, and the industrial city of Zarqa, where many voiced doubt the government would delivering on pledges of democratic reform.

“Elections are a chance for change and shaping the future in democratic countries but, in the presence of authoritarianism, elections just reproduce past woes and existing suffering,” said Zaki Bani Rusheid, a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood.

The Brotherhood is Jordan’s largest opposition party but its activities are restricted by state authorities in the kingdom.

Wider reforms, among them steps to curb gerrymandering that favors pro-government deputies, have stalled after a brief period in which the authorities allowed large peaceful protests and freer media expression to forestall an uprising of the sort that shattered other Arab countries starting in 2011.

The opposition’s main demand is an overhaul of an electoral law that magnifies the clout of sparsely populated tribal areas. These areas form the backbone of support for the monarchy at the expense of larger cities where Islamists and Jordanians of Palestinian origin have a strong presence.

King Abdullah’s security forces have returned to keeping a tight lid on public dissent, routinely jailing peaceful activists who criticize Jordan’s ruling elite — the monarchy, security services and military — on social media.

Jordan, a staunch U.S. ally, has been relatively unscathed by the revolts, insurgencies and civil wars that have torn through Arab states, including its neighbors Iraq and Syria, over the past six years.

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Climate Extremes, Policy Confuse Crop Choices for Malawi Farmers

Elias Kanyangale is ecstatic about his maize harvest. Balancing on a homemade ladder, the farmer retrieves cobs from a full granary, the bounty of this year’s good rains, which broke three years of drought in Malawi.

Kanyangale, 44, from Kalumbu village, part of the capital city Lilongwe, says his 5-ton harvest of maize is double the previous year’s crop, and he has some soya beans too. But he is still worried about his income.

“I am not sure I will get good prices for my crop. I planted more maize for home consumption and more soya beans for sale because the rains were good after the drought of last year, but if I do not get good prices, I will not have enough income to help my family,” he said.

Many of Malawi’s smallholder farmers who grow maize as a cash crop have diversified into legumes like soya and groundnuts, hoping for better market prices should one crop fail due to drought.

But faced with climate change, uncertain markets and government policies they see as unhelpful, many farmers feel ill-equipped to decide how much of which crop to plant and when.

Last year’s extreme weather, bringing both floods and drought, left many in a food fix.

Acting on specialist advice to diversify away from maize, some farmers grew more tobacco and soya in 2016, based on expectations of favourable prices in 2017.

But a glut has frustrated them, depriving them of a ready market for their surplus soya beans.

Yet those who ignored the advice and stuck with maize are also in trouble because of a government ban on the export of maize grown for domestic consumption.

“I am not happy about the ban,” said Kanyangale, a member of the 1,500-member Nyanja Farmers’ Association. “If this is not lifted soon, I could [be forced to] sell my maize at giveaway prices to middlemen.”

“Growing maize is a must for me and low prices affect me greatly,” he added.

Help to adapt

Changing farming ways does not happen overnight, explained Peter Kaupa, a field officer with the National Smallholder Farmers’ Association of Malawi (NASFAM) who works with the Nyanja group.

“This year farmers will grow more tobacco because the price is right, and might grow less maize and soya because of what they have seen this season,” Kaupa said.

Farmers used to mono-cropping are reluctant to change their practices, he added, and struggle to make prompt decisions in the face of climate extremes and the implications of government policy for crop marketing and exports.

Kaupa’s organization offers training on farm business practices, including cost-benefit analysis of which crops to grow and climate-smart agriculture to adapt to erratic weather.

NASFAM’s initiative is part of a project promoted by the Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), an international institution based in the Netherlands, which aims to reach over 200,000 farmers in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

More than 50,000 smallholder farmers across five districts in Malawi will be shown how to access real-time climate information, obtain weather-based insurance, and use drought-tolerant crop varieties.

Olu Ajayi, project leader at the CTA, said it hopes to help smallholder farmers increase their yields during droughts.

“Our partner in Malawi, NASFAM, also addresses the marketing aspect of the value chain by facilitating opportunities for farmers to get the best price for their produce,” said Ajayi.

Maize maze

Alice Kachere, who also farms in Lilongwe, grew more maize than soya this year, fearing lower prices for the legume.

Kachere hopes to sell her bumper harvest of 13 tons of maize and buy seed and equipment for next season.

Last year she planted tobacco but made a big loss and had to borrow money to prepare for this season. She too is anxious for the export ban to end so she can take advantage of trade with Kenya.

“I hear there is drought (in Kenya) and the prices we get will be high,” Kachere said. “I will be in trouble if the ban is not lifted.”

In May, Joseph Mwanamvekha, Malawi’s trade minister, said the government was ready to issue export licences to traders who can prove they bought the maize for export and to farmers who have grown maize specifically to sell outside the country.

The government has not yet indicated when it will lift the ban on maize grown for home consumption, but the wait is affecting farmers who are anticipating better income from crop sales.

Malawi is projecting a bumper harvest of 3.2 million tons of maize this year, an increase of one-third over production in the 2015/16 season.

With an El Niño weather system forecast for this year, farmers would do well to brace for another drought by diversifying their crops, said Lluis Navarro, head of cooperation for the European Union in Malawi, which has invested in developing the southern African nation’s agriculture.

“Maize is a crop that is very sensitive to climate change,” said Navarro.

Malawi’s maize prices are the most volatile in the region, he said, making farmers reluctant to invest and produce a surplus they cannot be sure of selling.

 

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Nigerian Military to Boost Security Amid Surge in Boko Haram Attacks

Since April, Boko Haram has carried out more than 100 attacks in Nigeria’s northeastern city of Maiduguri. Efforts are underway to secure the city, including the relocation of military chiefs to Maiduguri, and to tighten security at the university after staff abductions and repeated suicide bombings.

In the past week, the Nigerian military has carried out a cordon-and-search operation for fleeing Boko Haram members. The head of the operation said more than 30 houses were searched, based on information that high-level Boko Haram suspects had infiltrated an area in Maiduguri.

Maiduguri, the Borno state capital, is the birthplace of Boko Haram and remains the epicenter of the group’s insurgency, which began in 2009.  Several parts of the state have seen a spike in Boko Haram attacks in the past six months.

Intelligence officer Lieutenant Aliko Ibrahim El-Rasheed told VOA there have been at least 37 attacks in Maiduguri and nearby areas in the past two weeks and more than 100 in the past six months.  

Local support

El-Rasheed said the weather has contributed to the sharp increase because the air force and navy can’t patrol effectively during the rainy season. He said another big factor was local support for the group.

“Boko Haram has a substantial level of local support and they also have sympathizers,” he said. “Let me just tell you the fact: If you count one, two, three houses in Maiduguri, the third one, definitely, one of those household members is a member of Boko Haram.”

In response, military chiefs deployed to Maiduguri two weeks ago following orders by Nigeria’s acting president, Yemi Osinbajo.  

One property searched in the recent raids included a U.N.-rented residence. Workers of several humanitarian organizations use the compound, known as “Red Roof.”

Militant leader

There were rumors that the commander of Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau, was hiding there. He released a video last month claiming that he was in Maiduguri.

After the searches, the military said there were no arrests and no suspects were found.

Last month, Nigeria’s army chief of staff, Lieutenant General Tukur Buratai, issued a 40-day deadline for capturing Shekau, dead or alive. The order appeared to contradict numerous past reports alleging the Nigerian military had already killed Shekau.

“Nobody has ever said, especially on the part of the Nigerian army, said Shekau was dead,” Brigadier General Sani Usman told journalists recently. “The deadline for the capture of Shekau either dead or alive will be accomplished.”

Across Maiduguri, residents have noticed the increased presence of the Nigerian military. Convoys containing military service chiefs can often be seen on the streets.

Resident skeptical

Longtime Maiduguri resident Bulus Mungopark works as a humanitarian contract worker and an ad hoc member of the vigilante force.  He said he was skeptical about how much good the deployment of military chiefs to Maiduguri could do, and that he was not relying on the government to protect his wife and three young children.

“If I heard the news of attack from somewhere, what I do is quickly move my family to a safer location,” he said. “That is what I will be doing for now.”

Mungopark lives near the University of Maiduguri, which has been repeatedly attacked this year. The school has ramped up efforts to complete a 27-kilometer earthen trench around the campus. It is an effort to make the university safer in time for classes to resume in November.

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Chalked Messages Show Charlottesville’s Shock After Weekend Violence

Sandy Cook, a 70-year-old former schoolteacher, bent low in front of the slate “Freedom of Speech Wall” outside Charlottesville City Hall on Monday and wrote a message: “Resist with courage, dignity and purpose.”

Her plea was one of dozens etched in chalk on the 16.5 meter (54-foot) wall following this weekend’s violent clashes in the Virginia city.

“This city is not racist” and “Unity over evil,” read two other messages.

As Charlottesville reeled from the killing of a woman during a white-nationalist rally, well-wishers left flowers at a makeshift shrine nearby in the heart of downtown.

Many of the city’s 47,000 residents blamed white supremacists for bringing violence to their normally sedate city, the home of the University of Virginia’s main campus.

“Charlottesville is a very tolerant place, which is why it’s so sad to see this happen here,” said Cook, who now works as a tour guide at Monticello, the former home of Thomas Jefferson, the United States’ third president and the city’s founder.

“I am hoping that more people will come down here and will show that we are not going to let these people take over our town,” Cook said as she gazed at the wall, which bears a carving of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech for all Americans.

On Saturday, violence broke out ahead of a “Unite the Right” rally called by white supremacists to protest the planned removal of a statue of a leader of the pro-slavery Confederate army, a symbol considered an affront to African-Americans.

After the melee, as counter-protesters were dispersing, a 20-year-old man who friends say admired Adolf Hitler smashed his car into the crowd, killing a 32-year-old woman.

False pretext for rally alleged

Mario Jones, the 42-year-old owner of a cab company, said he had been shocked by Saturday’s event, largely because he has rarely encountered racist behavior in the city, which is 70 percent white and 19 percent black.

He said protest organizer Jason Kessler misled city officials by saying the rally was focused on the statue of General Robert E. Lee in a state that has long had mixed feelings about its slaveholding past.

“He started with a focus on the statue and a focus on preserving history, and then when he had the platform, he flipped it to white supremacy,” said Jones, who is black, as he stood outside the courthouse where the driver in Saturday’s incident was ordered held without bail.

Russ Naranjo, 45, stopped to write “Kessler did this!!” on the wall, replacing each “s” in the name with the emblem of the Nazi SS secret police.

“He is a Nazi and he brought this here and then he got in over his head and ran away,” said Naranjo, who works in security.

Kessler was punched on Sunday when he attempted to hold a press conference and was ushered away by police.

On Monday he blamed the police for the violence, saying they allowed the event to get out of control. A spokeswoman for the Virginia State Police, Corinne Geller, denied that claim.

Naranjo said the hundreds of so-called “alt-right” white supremacists who attended Saturday’s rally had been emboldened by Republican U.S. President Donald Trump.

“The alt-right has sprung up because of Donald Trump and he needs to do more to denounce them,” Naranjo said.

After being criticized by Republicans and Democrats alike for failing to respond forcefully to Saturday’s violence, Trump on Monday denounced white supremacists.

While many residents and city leaders blamed the violence on white supremacists, some said both sides were at fault.

“Both sides came to fight,” said Mason Pickett, 64, the retired owner of a moving and storage company. “I think if the people on the left would have stood there calmly, the people on the right would not have kicked ass.”

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Trump’s Sanctuary City Threat Triggers Confusion, Changes

From defiant lawsuits to reversing policies, U.S. cities and counties are zeroing in on their immigration rules to avoid losing millions in public safety dollars that the White House has threatened to withhold amid a high-stakes clash over sanctuary policies.

President Donald Trump has made it a top priority to revoke federal dollars from so-called sanctuary cities, broadly defined as places that limit cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Trump says he believes such cities and counties are providing a haven for criminal activity.

Amid an executive order and almost weekly threats by the administration, cities and counties are fighting back.

At least six locales are suing, with Chicago becoming the latest city to join the legal fray last week. Leaders in Baltimore and the Las Vegas area have been trying to prove to the federal government that they don’t have sanctuary policies so they can qualify for public safety help. Some local governments have sought to comply with the administration’s edicts.

The result for cities and counties: growing confusion, budgeting headaches, worries about increased crime and more tension with immigrant residents. And experts expect more lawsuits and turmoil at the local level.

“They’re not getting clarity,” said Yucel Ors, a program director for public safety at the National League of Cities. “When you’re planning budgets or there’s an expectation for grants and applications, it becomes very difficult to properly judge what your resource is going to be, especially with law enforcement.”

Sanctuary policies have existed for decades. There’s no single definition, but generally local officials enact policies friendly to people living in the U.S. without legal permission, including limiting cooperation with agents in local jails and prohibiting police from asking about immigration status during traffic stops.

The nation’s roughly 200 sanctuary cities and counties are now a focal point in the immigration debate with Trump in the White House.

Some locales, including Florida’s Miami-Dade County, have already changed their immigration policies to comply. Others are considering the same.

Pushing back

But the more common tactic among sanctuary cities has been to push back. Lawsuits over constitutional concerns cropped up in California’s Santa Clara County, San Francisco, Seattle and two Boston-area cities, with the California lawsuits prompting a temporary injunction.

In its federal lawsuit last week, Chicago targeted new conditions for a public safety grant calling for close cooperation with federal authorities, including access to jails. Chicago, a sanctuary city since the 1980s, calls the changes unconstitutional.

Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who was President Barack Obama’s first White House chief of staff, argued Trump’s aggressive stance and rhetoric impedes trust in law enforcement and could prevent immigrants from reporting crimes.

“The Trump Justice Department … is asking the city of Chicago to choose between our core values as a welcoming city and our fundamental principles of community policing,” Emanuel said at a recent news conference. “It is a false choice and a wrong choice. Chicago will not let our police officers become political pawns in a debate.”

In response, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions doubled down on his sanctuary cities stance, accusing Chicago of “deliberately and intentionally” adopting rules that obstruct the immigration system.

Nationally, the federal government awarded about $264 million to more than 1,000 different entities last year through the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant program, also known as Byrne JAG. Chicago’s share was about $2.3 million, including for police cars. The program is named after a New York City officer killed in 1988 while protecting an immigrant witness who’d agreed to testify against drug dealers.

The fight has led to chaos in cities and counties that say they’re being inaccurately branded by the administration.

Federal programs

Roughly $1 million in Byrne JAG money was in limbo for Nevada’s Clark County until this month. The county submitted a 108-page memo covering the role of Las Vegas police to prove it should continue receive funds it uses for things like juvenile services.

Baltimore city officials were baffled when they received an August letter saying they wouldn’t qualify for a different federal anti-crime program. The city hasn’t formally declared itself a sanctuary city, and city jails are run by the state of Maryland, not the city. Baltimore faces a Friday deadline to prove its case.

In New Mexico, Albuquerque received a similar warning. Albuquerque eliminated a sanctuary policy years ago, but city and county officials approved largely symbolic “immigrant friendly” measures this year. The federal warning appeared to target immigrant jail policies in Bernalillo County, where Albuquerque is located. County commissioners debated a plan allowing more cooperation between local and federal immigration authorities, but the Democrat-majority board defeated it last week at a meeting well-attended by opponents.

Two California cities, Stockton and San Bernardino, were also called out after expressing interest in the Justice Department’s Public Safety Partnership, which enlists federal agents and technology to find crime solutions. They were told they wouldn’t qualify unless they give federal immigration authorities access to jails and notify agents before releasing inmates wanted on immigration violations.

Miami-Dade County reversed its policy earlier this year, saying the county would honor “detainers,” or holding people for extra time to be arrested by immigration authorities. Local officials defended the change, saying they wanted to keep receiving federal money for body cameras and community policing. However, the reversal is now the subject of an American Civil Liberties Union lawsuit.

In New Mexico, concerns linger about possible lost funding opportunities for Albuquerque, which ranks first nationwide for the number of cars stolen daily per capita. Commissioner Wayne Johnson, a Republican, said he introduced the plan to increase cooperation with immigration authorities in response to Trump’s warning.

“We have a broken criminal justice system,” said Johnson, who’s running for mayor. “We need to have every tool at our disposal.”

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US: Islamic State Has Committed ‘Genocide’ Against Religious Believers

The United States accused Islamic State insurgents on Tuesday of carrying out a reign of violence targeting religious minorities and opposition ethnic groups, even as they have been losing control of large swaths of territory in Iraq and Syria.

U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said Islamic State “is clearly responsible for genocide … and crimes against humanity.”

Tillerson, speaking as he released the State Department’s annual report on religious freedom in 199 countries and territories around the globe, said, “Religious persecution and intolerance remains far too prevalent.”

The top U.S. diplomat said that “almost 80 percent of the global population live with restrictions on or hostilities to limit their freedom of religion.  Where religious freedom is not protected we know that instability, human rights abuses and violent extremism have a greater opportunity to take root.  We cannot ignore these conditions.”

Seven countries

Tillerson singled out seven countries for an array of abuses in the way their governments treat the faithful: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Bahrain, China, Pakistan and Sudan. Tillerson said that in various ways these nations intimidate believers practicing their faiths through harassment, imprisonment and executions.

“No one should have to live in fear, worship in secret, or face discrimination because of his or her beliefs,” he said.

But he laid out his most detailed indictment against Islamic State.

“As we make progress in defeating ISIS and denying them their caliphate, their terrorist members have and continue to target multiple religions and ethnic groups for rape, kidnapping enslavement and even death,” he said.

“To remove any ambiguity from previous statements or reports by the State Department,” Tillerson said, “the crime of genocide requires three elements: specific acts with specific intent to destroy and hold or impart specific people.  Members of national, ethnic, racial or religious groups.  Specific act-specific intent-specific people. Application of the law to the facts at hand leads to the conclusion ISIS is clearly responsible for genocide against Yazidis, Christians and Shia Muslims in areas it controls or has controlled.”

US priority

Tillerson said the protection of religious minorities “and others who are targets of violent extremism – remains a human rights priority” for President Donald Trump’s administration.

The report said that in Iraq, where Baghdad’s forces have reclaimed the northern city of Mosul from Islamic State control, the insurgents “pursued a campaign of violence against members of all faiths, but against non-Sunnis in particular.”

The State Department said, “In areas under its control, ISIS continued to commit individual and mass killings, and to engage in rape, kidnapping, random detentions and mass abductions, torture, abduction and forced conversion of non-Muslim male children, and the enslavement and sex trafficking of women and girls from minority religious communities.”

It said Islamic State “continued to engage in harassment, intimidation, robbery, and the destruction of personal property and religious sites. In areas not under ISIS control, it continued suicide bombings and vehicle-borne improvised explosive device attacks against all segments of society.”

In Syria, the report said that “nonstate actors, including a number of groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United States and other governments, such as ISIS and … al-Nusra Front, targeted Shia, Alawites, Christians, and other religious minorities, as well as other Sunnis, with indiscriminate attacks, as well as killings, kidnappings, physical mistreatment, and arrests in the areas of the country under their control.

“ISIS killed dozens through public executions, crucifixions, and beheadings of men, women, and children on charges of apostasy, blasphemy, homosexuality, and cursing God,” the report said, “In Raqqa [Islamic State’s self-declared capital] and elsewhere in Syria, ISIS continued to hold thousands of enslaved Yazidi women and girls kidnapped in Iraq and trafficked to Syria to be sold or distributed to ISIS members as ‘spoils of war’ because of their religious beliefs.”

China

The report singled out China for what it said were the government’s abuse, detention, arrests and torture of adherents of various faiths.

“The government cited concerns over the ‘three evils’ of ‘ethnic separatism, religious extremism, and violent terrorism’ as grounds to enact and enforce restrictions on religious practices of Uighur Muslims,” the report said.  “The government sought the forcible repatriation of Uighur Muslims from foreign countries, many of whom sought asylum in those countries on the grounds of religious persecution.”

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Death Toll Passes 300 in Flood-Stricken Sierra Leone Capital

At least 300 people are confirmed dead a day after mudslides and heavy flooding struck Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone.

Authorities say they expect the death toll to rise as search teams, military personnel and distraught relatives continue digging through the mud, looking for people buried or swept away in the disaster.

Kelvin Lewis, a reporter for VOA’s English to Africa service, said the searchers have little hope of finding more survivors.

“They are still doing excavation work, because of a lot of buildings are still covered. What I got is that they are looking for only corpses. I don’t think they would be able to find anyone who is alive anymore,” he said Tuesday.

Lewis said a Freetown mortuary he visited is overwhelmed. “There are bodies are lying practically everywhere, naked,” he said.

Relatives have identified and taken away some of the dead, according to Lewis. He said the chief pathologist is recommending the rest be buried in mass graves, because the mortuary needs to make room for more bodies.

A spokesman for the Red Cross told the French news agency, AFP, that the group had accounted for at least 312 dead. Officials say thousands of others have been left homeless.

The mudslide occurred early Monday while many Freetown residents were still sleeping, after hours of heavy rains. Witnesses described a particularly-hard hit area in the Regent district, saying roads became “churning rivers of mud.”

Photos and video posted by local residents showed people chest deep in mud trying to traverse the roads.

Lewis said homes had been built on an unstable hillside composed of clay-like soil. He says the situation was made worse when people chopped down trees for firewood.

He said officials expect bodies to pop up in unexpected places for months to come, as many people were carried away from the Regent area by floodwaters.

Freetown is often hit by heavy rain and flooding for several months a year.

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Kenyans Await Word on Election Challenge From Odinga

Kenyans continue to wait in suspense for a statement by opposition leader Raila Odinga, who has rejected the results of the presidential contest, announced Friday.  He claims the election was rigged.

Odinga and his NASA coalition were scheduled to announce their next move Tuesday. But they instead released a statement postponing his remarks to Wednesday, given what they called the “urgency, complexity and delicate nature” of the issues being considered.

 

The electoral commission announced on August 11 that incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta had won the election with 54.3 percent of the vote, beating Odinga’s 44.8 percent.

 

Odinga has rejected the results, asserting that the voting system was hacked.  The opposition has rejected calls to challenge the poll results in court.

The White House released a statement Tuesday congratulating Kenyatta on his re-election, and said it welcomed the “statements by international and domestic observer missions affirming the credibility of the election.” It also called on Kenyans to “reject violence and resolve disputes in accordance with the Kenyan constitution and the rule of law.”

 

The Kenya Human Rights Commission said Saturday that 24 people had lost their lives since the day following the election as a result of police using live bullets.  Police dispute that figure, saying 10 people have been killed, and all of them were criminals.

 

Meanwhile, the Kenya Human Rights Commission, or KHRC, says it is being targeted for closure by the state regulator, the NGO Coordination Board.

 

A letter from the board to KHRC released online Monday accuses the KHRC of employing foreigners without work permits, making secret payments to board members, failing to pay taxes, and having illegal bank accounts.

 

KHRC says that NGO Coordination Board director Fazul Mohamed has banned NGOs affiliated with the opposition, and has refused to meet with the KHRC about the accusations against the group.

 

KHRC executive director George Kegoro spoke to reporters Tuesday.  

 

“Mohamed Fazul only attacks us in the media.  He never writes to us.  He has never written to us a single letter.  We see these documents flying in the media and never directed to us,” said Kegoro.

 

Amnesty International says the NGO Coordination Board is also asking authorities to close down another local rights group, the African Center for Open Governance. The group is accused of operating without proper registration as an NGO.

 

In a statement, Amnesty International said the NGO Coordination Board is seeking “to discredit human rights organizations,” calling the action “unlawful and irresponsible.”

 

VOA was unsuccessful in its attempts to get comment from the NGO Coordination Board.

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Doctor: Baby Girl ‘Tear Gassed, Beaten by Kenyan Police’ Dies

A six-month-old girl has died in Kenya, her doctor told Reuters on Tuesday, after her parents said she was tear gassed and clubbed by police in a security crackdown after last week’s disputed election.

Samantha Pendo was asleep in her mother’s arms when police forced their way into their home and beat her and her parents as they searched for protesters, her parents said.

“She remained in coma throughout. She never improved one bit,” said Dr. Sam Oula at the Aga Khan Hospital in the western city of Kisumu.

The baby and her parents were beaten when police were sweeping their neighborhood for opposition protesters on Saturday, residents told Reuters journalists who investigated the incident.

Kisumu is a stronghold of opposition leader Raila Odinga, who is contesting results from last Tuesday’s presidential election. An official tally said President Uhuru Kenyatta won re-election by 1.4 million votes.

Odinga’s accusations of rigging have led to protests in Kisumu and in Nairobi slums. Residents there say police have responded with lethal force and many residents were killed in their homes.

Among the dead are an 8-year-old girl, hit by a stray bullet as she played on her balcony, and an 18-year-old student whose mother said was pulled from under the bed and beaten so badly he died the next day.

Police have promised to investigate all incidents but human rights groups say they rarely hold officers to account for extrajudicial killings.

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Iran’s Top General Makes Rare Visit to Ankara

In a rare visit, the head of Iran’s armed forces is in Turkey. The two neighbors have found themselves increasing rivals in Iraq and Syria, but both sides are trying to find common ground.

The chief of staff of the Iranian armed forces, Major General Mohammad-Hossein Baqeri, arrived in Ankara, leading a high-ranking military and political delegation, for three days of talks. It is the first visit by Iran’s chief of staff since the 1979 Iranian revolution.

Regional rivalries

Former Turkish ambassador to Iraq Unal Cevikoz now heads the Ankara Policy Forum. He says conflicts in Iraq and Syria have exacerbated regional rivalries.

“Iran is becoming a very important actor in the region, particularly in Iraq and Syria,” he said. “It seems Iran has certain intentions. And when we look at the Turkish Iranian relations pertaining to the situation in Iraq and Syria, it is obvious Turkey and Iran are not on the same page.”

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has positioned himself as an advocate of Sunni Muslim rights in the region and has been in the forefront of criticizing Tehran’s policy in Iraq and Syria.

Erdogan has strongly criticized the treatment of Sunnis by Iraqi militia backed by Tehran. Ankara is one of the main supporters of Syrian rebels fighting the Damascus government supported by Iran.

The Iranian general’s visit comes as Tehran, Ankara and Moscow are cooperating in what is called the Astana process to resolve the Syrian civil war. The conflict is expected to be discussed during the visit.

Idlib enclave

Political columnist Semih Idiz of the Al Monitor website says talks will include the Syrian enclave of Idlib, one of the last areas the rebel forces control.

“Idlib is a potential hornets nest. There is infighting there between two radical Islamist groups,” said Idiz. “One is considered nominally more moderate and supported by Turkey and the other one more close to ISIS in sentiment. It is not clear how that is going to play out in Idlib and [Syrian President] Assad is going to take advantage of that.”

Idlib borders Turkey, and there are growing concerns in Ankara that if it is overrun by Syrian government forces Turkey could experience a major refugee influx, which could include many radical jihadists. Last week Ankara closed its border crossing into Idlib due to security concerns.

The aspirations of the region’s Kurds is also expected to be on the Iranian general’s agenda in Ankara, with both countries having large and restive Kurdish minorities. Next month’s independence referendum by Iraqi Kurds will provide common ground, with Tehran and Ankara strongly opposing the vote.

 

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