Suspected Militants Kill 305 in Sinai Mosque Attack   

gyptian officials say 305 people were killed Friday by suspected militants in an attack on a packed mosque in the volatile northern Sinai Peninsula. Twenty-seven of the dead are children.

The public prosecutors office said Saturday that 25 to 30 extremists targeted the al-Rawdah mosque in the town of Bir al-Abed, west of the provincial capital, el-Arish.

Militants arrived at the mosque in four-wheel-drive vehicles, set off an explosion and then ran inside, where they opened fire on worshipers as they tried to escape. The gunmen also used burning cars to block exits from the building.

Eyewitnesses also said the militants fired on ambulances as emergency personnel tried to evacuate the wounded to hospitals. The state news agency says 128 people were wounded in the attack.

The attack targeted a mosque frequented by Sufis, members of a mystic movement within Islam.

No group immediately claimed responsibility for the attack, but an Islamic State affiliate has been carrying out attacks in the region since 2013.

Egyptian government warplanes reportedly attacked terrorist targets in the Sinai following the carnage at the mosque.

President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi vowed that the attack “will not go unpunished” but did not specify what steps might be taken.

U.S. President Donald Trump reacted to the violence, calling it a “horrible and cowardly terrorist attack on innocent and defenseless worshippers.”

Trump added, “The world cannot tolerate terrorism, we must defeat them militarily and discredit the extremist ideology that forms the basis of their existence!” in a tweet sent from Florida, where he is staying over the Thanksgiving holiday weekend.

Neighboring Israel sent condolences to Egypt following the attack. Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty in 1979 and maintain close security cooperation.

Egypt’s security forces are battling an Islamic State insurgency, mostly in the northern region of Sinai, where militants have killed hundreds of police officers and soldiers since fighting there intensified in the past three years.

Militants have targeted security forces, but have also struck beyond the Sinai by hitting Christian churches and civilians in other parts of Egypt.

Egyptian media reported that Sissi met with top security officials, including the defense and interior ministers, immediately after the attack as security was stepped up around government buildings.

List of Recent Militant Attacks in Egypt:

Nov. 24, 2017, Egyptian security officials say 305 people were killed by suspected Islamic militants in an attack on a mosque in the northern Sinai peninsula.

 
May, 2017, Twenty eight people were killed when militants opened fired on a bus that carried Coptic Christians who were making their way to St. Samuel the Confessor monastery in the southern town of Maghagha.

 
April, 2017, two churches were hit by suicide bombers in Alexandria, a coastal city, and the Nile Delta city of Tanta. The attack, during Palm Sunday services, killed at least 43 people and dozens were wounded.
December, 2016, a bombing at a chapel next to Egypt’s main Coptic Christian cathedral in Cairo killed 30 people.

 
October, 2015, a passenger airliner crashed in the Sinai Peninsula after it took off from Sharm el-Sheikh Airport. More than 220 people on board the Russian Metrojet plane were killed. Islamic State took responsibility.

 
July, 2014, a gunman associated with an Islamic State affiliate group attacked Egyptian police and military personnel with rocket-propelled grenades near a post in Egypt’s western desert at the Libyan border. Militants killed 21 soldiers.

 
October, 2014, another strike in the Sinai in killed 30 officials at a military checkpoint.

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Texas Woman Indicted for Allegedly Mailing Bombs to Obama, Other Officials

A Texas woman has been indicted for allegedly sending homemade bombs last year to then-President Barack Obama, Texas Governor Greg Abbott and the Social Security Administration.

According to newly released court documents, Julia Poff was indicted by a grand jury this month on six counts, including transporting explosives with the intent to kill and injure.

Of the three packages Poff purportedly sent, only Abbott opened his, but it did not detonate. The court documents filed in Houston say that Abbot may have escaped “severe burns and death” only because “he did not open [the package] as intended.”

The package intended for Obama was intercepted by the Secret Service.

According to the documents, investigators traced the packages to Poff through their components, which included a box of cigarettes that bore a stamp showing it had been purchased at a store near Poff’s house in Brookshire, Texas.

Other evidence included a damaged shipping label that Poff had originally received through a purchase on eBay and cat hairs found under the address label, which were later matched to the hairs of one of Poff’s cats.

Federal investigators say the improvised explosive device sent in the packages contained a cellphone, a cigarette package and a salad dressing cap.

The court documents say Poff allegedly stated she did not like Obama and was angry with Abbott because she had not received support from her ex-husband when Abbott was serving as Texas attorney general.

Government prosecutors are asking that Poff be denied bail ahead of her trial, which is expected to take place next year.

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Poles Protest Planned Overhaul of Courts, Election Body

Poles held demonstrations in cities across the country Friday to protest plans by the ruling party to push through laws that would give it greater control over the courts and the national election commission.

The protesters rallied under the slogan “Free courts, free elections, free Poland” after lawmakers voted earlier in the day to give preliminary approval to the changes. Protests were also held abroad, including in Chicago, London and Dublin.

The ruling Law and Justice party has already pushed through two laws that have given it greater power over the Constitutional Tribunal and ordinary courts.

Two other bills on the judicial system that sparked large protests in the summer were blocked by the president but have returned to the legislature in modified form. The lawmakers sent them for fine-tuning to a specialized commission, and a vote on a final version could be held in early December. It would then need approval from the Senate and from President Andrzej Duda.

The European Union says that if passed, the bills would undermine the separation of powers, while Polish critics see these and other changes as a power grab that has nothing to do with improving the justice system.

The ruling party, however, says it is making needed reforms that have not been tackled yet since communism fell in 1989. It says the protests are the work of post-communist elites seeking to hold on to their privileges.

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Officials: Russia Seeking to Exploit Catalonia Secessionist Movement

Covert attempts by Russia to support Catalonia’s independence bid using disinformation and cyberattacks to support separatists may be part of a long-term strategy to penetrate and gain control not only of Spain’s wealthy northeastern region but also other parts of Europe, Spanish officials tell VOA.

Spain and NATO are investigating allegations that thousands of social media trolls or robot accounts were set up in Russia to amplify distorted or “fake news” items aimed at influencing a referendum for independence held October 1 in Catalonia.

No direct link has yet been established between the Russian government and the cyberattack, but much of the activity has been traced to a property near the city of St. Petersburg that is owned by a close business partner of Russian President Vladimir Putin, according to testimony presented at a Spanish congressional hearing Thursday.

The cyberattack also has involved attempts to hack email accounts of opponents of the independence movement, according to the victim of such an attempt, Erik Encinas, who told VOA that Google traced an attempt to intercept his emails to a Russian source.

Russian crime organizations have been trying to gain leverage in the region for years and recently came close to taking control of the Catalan security ministry, a high-level intelligence officer operating in Catalonia who requested anonymity told VOA.

Russian money laundering

The intelligence officer, working for one of Spain’s main security services, participated in an investigation known as Operation Clotilde, in coordination with the U.S. Treasury Department. The investigation targeted money laundering by Russian crime syndicates through Catalonian banks, shell companies and real estate investments.

The intelligence officer told VOA some of the Russian money went to the Catalan nationalist Convergence and Union (CiU) party.

The Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT), a radical CiU faction, joined the leftist ERC and CUP parties to form a regional governing coalition that held the October referendum for independence, which was ratified by Catalonia’s parliament.

Money laundering investigations were centered in the Catalan seaside resort of Lloret de Mar, whose former CiU mayor, Xavier Crespo, was indicted in 2014 for taking bribes from alleged Russian crime boss Andrei Petrov.

In 2013, Catalonia’s regional government appointed Crespo to the key post of security secretary, equivalent to a ministerial position, and one in which he would have controlled the Catalan police.

“His appointment was overturned when we reported our investigation to the regional government,” the intelligence officer told VOA. The officer pointed out, however, that Crespo’s association with Russian crime figures was well-known: In 2008, Crespo had made a much-publicized trip to Moscow and was hosted by Petrov, who took him on a helicopter ride.

Crespo was celebrating his security appointment in Lloret de Mar’s city hall when a unit of Spain’s Civil Guard gendarmerie “met with the Catalan regional government to inform them of our findings,” the Spanish intelligence officer said.

Taking control of police

Spain, which imposed direct rule in the region after last month’s independence vote, now faces the delicate task of taking control of Catalonia’s police force.

Most members of the regional government have been arrested, including security chief Joaquim Fom, who has been accused of supporting the independence bid.

Catalan police also failed to prevent the escape of regional President Carles Puigdemont to Belgium, where he is trying to establish a government in exile.

“The Russians would be looking to fill the void left by Catalan and Spanish companies that are leaving due to the instability,” the Spanish intelligence source said. More than 2,000 companies have transferred their headquarters out of Catalonia since October, including major multinational firms.

Spanish Intelligence analysts say that Russians see an independent Catalonia as a possible base from which to penetrate other parts of Europe, where their business activities are restricted by sanctions enforced by the United States and the European Union.

Russian officials have denied Spanish and NATO accusations.

But Putin has made no secret of his desire for revenge against the West for recognizing the 2008 unilateral independence of Kosovo, which caused the dismemberment of Serbia, a close Russia ally.

A Kremlin operative who acts as the virtual foreign minister of South Ossetia, which separated from the former Soviet republic of Georgia and came under Russian military protection in 2008, visited Barcelona last month to establish an “interests office” and meet with local businessmen, according to Spanish press reports.

The Kremlin operative also traveled to the Italian region of Lombardy, which is holding a referendum for greater autonomy from Rome.

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Republican Senators Support Disciplined Air Force Colonel

A group of U.S. senators have signed a letter in support of an officer who says he was wrongly disciplined after refusing to sign a certificate of appreciation to the same-sex spouse of a retiring master sergeant.

Senators Marco Rubio of Florida, Ted Cruz of Texas and Roy Blunt of Missouri are among the Republican senators who sent the letter to the Air Force secretary earlier this month in support of Air Force Colonel Leland Bohannon, the Albuquerque Journal reported .

 

Last May, Bohannon was asked to sign off on a series of documents for the retiring sergeant as part of a customary but optional certificate of appreciation. Bohannon cited his religious beliefs about marriage for not signing it. He asked for a religious exemption. When that did not come through, he arranged for another officer to sign the certificate.

Complaint filed

The retiring officer filed an equal opportunity complaint against Bohannon, accusing him of discrimination based on sexual orientation. As a result, Bohannon was relieved of his command of the inspection agency at Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico.

The senators’ letter, dated November 13, calls for Bohannon’s discipline to be reversed.

“During your own confirmation process, you made it a point to acknowledge that ‘Air Force commanders have a responsibility to ensure that the spiritual needs of all airmen are met,’ ” the letter states. “We were highly encouraged by your answers and trusted that, when the time came, you would follow through. That time is now.”

The letter also called for more formal guidance and training for Air Force leadership on religious rights. Other senators who put their name on the letter were John Kennedy of Louisiana, James Lankford of Oklahoma, Mike Lee of Utah and Roger Wicker of Mississippi.

The Family Research Council has also thrown its support behind Bohannon. The conservative Christina nonprofit began circulating an online petition two weeks ago calling for a reversal of the disciplinary action taken. As of Wednesday, it had garnered 24,000 signatures.

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Syrian Opposition Picks New Chief Negotiator Ahead of New Talks

Syria’s main opposition group selected a new chief negotiator on Friday ahead of a new round of U.N.-backed peace negotiations with the Damascus

government set to kick off next week.

Nasr Hariri said the opposition was going to Geneva on Nov. 28 to hold direct talks and was ready to discuss “everything on the negotiating table.”

The announcement came at a summit in Riyadh where, a day before, the opposition stuck by its demand that President Bashar al-Assad play no role in an interim period, despite speculation that it could soften its stance because of Assad’s battlefield strength.

The opposition groups met to seek a unified position ahead of Geneva after two years of Russian military intervention that has helped Assad’s government reverse major territorial losses incurred since the beginning of the war.

Under pressure

Hariri replaces hardliner Riyad Hijab, who led the Higher Negotiations Committee at previous negotiations but abruptly quit this week, hinting that the HNC under him had faced pressures to make concessions that favored Assad.

U.N. peace talks mediator Staffan de Mistura, preparing for the next round of Geneva talks, met on Friday with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, who said Moscow was working with Riyadh to unify the Syrian opposition.

For many years, Western and Arab countries backed the opposition demand that Assad leave office. But since Russia joined the war on behalf of Assad’s government it has become increasingly clear that Assad’s opponents have no path to victory on the battlefield.

Putin requests framework

Russian President Vladimir Putin has called for a congress of the Syrian government and opposition to draw up a framework for the future structure of the Syrian state, adopt a new constitution and hold elections under U.N. supervision.

But he has also said that any political settlement in Syria would be finalised within the Geneva peace talks process overseen by the United Nations.

The opposition has long been suspicious of the parallel diplomatic track pushed by Russia, which before the proposed Sochi congress included talks in Kazakhstan, and has insisted that political dialogue should only take place in Geneva.

Hariri said Sochi did not serve the political process and called on the international community, including Russia, “to concentrate all our efforts to serve the political process according to international resolutions in Geneva under UN auspices.”

‘Moscow Platform’

Alaa Arafat, who represents the “Moscow Platform” political grouping, though, said he would attend Sochi and urged others to go too, reflecting lingering tensions within the diverse opposition.

Saudi Foreign Minister Adel Jubeir, who opened the summit on Wednesday pledging his country’s support for unifying the opposition, praised the creation of “one negotiating team that represents everyone.”

Asked if there was any change in position towards Assad’s future, he told reporters that Riyadh continued to support a settlement based on the U.N.-backed process at Geneva.

“We support the positions of the Syrian opposition. We have from the beginning and we will continue to do so,” he said.

Syria’s six-year-old civil war has killed hundreds of thousands of people and forced millions to flee in the worst refugee crisis since World War Two.

 

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Separatist Leader Says He Is Taking Power in Ukraine’s Luhansk Region

A senior separatist official of the Ukrainian region of Luhansk says he is taking over power from regional chief Igor Plotnitsky, who said earlier in the week that a coup attempt was trying to force him out of office.

Security Minister Leonid Pasechnik said Friday that he was taking over after Plotnitsky resigned for health reasons. There was no verification of the claim from Plotnitsky.

Both men are part of a pro-Russian rebel group that has ruled Luhansk for several years but has recently been troubled by infighting.

“Today, Igor Venediktovich Plotnitsky resigned for health reasons. Multiple war wounds, the effects of blast injuries, took their toll,” Pasechnik said in a video posted on pro-rebel news sites.

Earlier this week, armed men blocked the central streets of the Luhansk region’s main city, also called Luhansk. Plotnitsky said it was a coup attempt by supporters of Igor Kornet, the rebel region’s interior minister, whom Plotnitsky had recently fired.

Plotnitsky later said he had the situation under control.

Luhansk and the neighboring Donetsk region rebelled against rule from Ukraine’s government, based in Kyiv, in 2014 and declared themselves independent.

Russian officials say they are monitoring the situation, but deny they have any influence over the rebels.

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Officials Say Pentagon Likely to Acknowledge 2,000 US Troops in Syria

The Pentagon is likely to announce in the coming days that there are about 2,000 U.S. troops in Syria, two U.S. officials said on Friday, as the military acknowledges that an accounting system for troops has under-reported the size of forces on the ground.

The U.S. military had earlier publicly said it had around 500 troops in Syria, mostly supporting the Syrian Democratic Forces group of Kurdish and Arab militias fighting Islamic State in the north of the country.

 

Two U.S. officials, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said the Pentagon could, as early as Monday, publicly announce that there are slightly more than 2,000 U.S. troops in Syria. They said there was always a possibility that last-minute changes in schedules could delay an announcement. That is not an increase in troop numbers, just a more accurate count, as the numbers often fluctuate.

Commanders find work-around

An accounting system, known as the Force Management Level (FML), was introduced in Iraq and Syria during former President Barack Obama’s administration as a way to exert control over the military.

But the numbers do not reflect the extent of the U.S. commitment on the ground since commanders often found ways to work around the limits — sometimes bringing in forces temporarily or hiring more contractors.

The force management levels are officially at 5,262 in Iraq and 503 in Syria, but officials have privately acknowledged in the past that the real number for each country is more than the reported figure.

The Pentagon said last December that it would increase the number of authorized troops in Syria to 500, but it is not clear how long the actual number has been at around 2,000.

Special forces

Obama periodically raised FML limits to allow more troops in Iraq and Syria as the fight against Islamic State advanced. As that campaign winds down, it is unclear how many, if any, U.S. troops will remain in Syria.

Most of them are special operations forces, working to train and advise local partner forces, including providing artillery support against Islamic State militants.

One of the officials said that the actual number in Iraq is not expected to be announced because of “host nation sensitivities,” referring to political sensitivities about U.S. forces in Iraq.

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Police: US Diplomat Shot in Foot Outside Rio de Janeiro

An American diplomat was shot in the foot during an attempted robbery while traveling outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazilian police said Friday.

Stephanie Bohlen, a vice consul, and a man identified as her partner were attacked while driving Thursday night on a coastal road in Angra dos Reis, federal highway police said. The man was not hit.

Bohlen was taken to a nearby hospital and then transferred to a hospital in Rio for surgery, according to civil police.

The U.S. Consulate in Rio confirmed in a statement that a consulate official had suffered injuries that were not life-threatening “in an incident involving gunfire.” It provided no details.

Earlier this year, a British tourist was shot and wounded in Angra dos Reis, when she strayed into a rough neighborhood. The popular vacation destination is about 90 miles [150 kilometers] from Rio.

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Irish Government Set to Fall Weeks Before Brexit Summit

Ireland’s minority government looked set to collapse within days on Friday after the party propping it up submitted a motion of no confidence in the deputy prime minister, weeks before a summit on Britain’s plans to leave the European Union.

Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said that if the motion was not withdrawn by Tuesday, he would be forced to hold an election before Christmas, a prospect EU officials say would complicate a key EU summit on Dec. 14-15 on Brexit.

“What that would mean is me throwing a good woman under the bus to save myself and my own government, and that would be the wrong thing to do,” Varadkar told national broadcaster RTE, dismissing demands for his deputy Frances Fitzgerald to quit.

Varadkar is due to play a major role in the Brexit talks, telling EU leaders whether Ireland believes sufficient progress has been made on the future border between EU-member Ireland and Britain’s province of Northern Ireland.

Three issues

The border is one of three issues Brussels wants broadly resolved before it decides whether to move the talks on to a second phase about trade, as Britain wants.

While Varadkar could go into the summit in a caretaker role, he said that any election would have to happen before Christmas so that he or his successor could attend the next meeting of EU leaders in February with a fresh mandate.

The head of opposition party Fianna Fail, Micheal Martin, earlier said an election “can be avoided if the government takes action” by asking Fitzgerald to resign. Varadkar said he would not seek, nor did he expect to be offered, a resignation.

‘Confidence and supply’

Fianna Fail supports the minority Fine Gael government in a “confidence and supply” arrangement. Voting no confidence in a minister would break that agreement.

Varadkar and Martin met on Friday and were due to speak again over the weekend ahead of the motion of no-confidence in Fitzgerald, to be debated on Tuesday. The trigger is her handling of a legal case involving a police whistleblower.

“At a time when issues and decisions will need to be made that will reverberate in our country for decades to come, the prospect of either an election taking place or a government not being in place afterwards is actually unconscionable,” Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe told RTE.

However a source familiar with Fine Gael’s planning said it had begun to make preparations on Friday for a snap poll.

Border debate

As well as the border, the other issues Brussels wants resolved before Brexit talks move on to trade arrangements are Britain’s financial settlement on leaving the bloc and the rights of EU citizens living in Britain.

EU Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier assured Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney on Friday that the EU would defend Dublin’s position in talks with Britain over the coming weeks.

Coveney told parliament on Thursday the government was not yet ready to allow the talks to move on to trade issues, and needed more clarity from London.

Fianna Fail’s Martin said parliament would be united behind Varadkar at the December summit.

Irish against Brexit

University College Dublin politics professor David Farrell said Varadkar may be tempted to take an even harder line against the United Kingdom in the talks in a bid to shore up support among Irish voters, who are overwhelmingly against Brexit.

“I suppose the only card he can try and play to distract from the crazy shenanigans around the causes of this election is  leadership in Europe,” he said.

An election would likely be dominated by Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, two center-right parties that differ little on policy but have been bitter foes for decades, something that has always left the minority government one serious row away from collapse.

But it would also present an opportunity for left-wing opposition party Sinn Fein to see if its veteran leader Gerry Adams’ decision last week to step down will boost its support.

McDonald to lead Sinn Fein

The party said deputy leader Mary Lou McDonald would lead them into the election, if one is called.

While Sinn Fein, the third largest party in the Republic, has said it wants to enter government, the two largest parties have ruled out doing a deal with the former political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA).

Since Varadkar’s appointment as Fine Gael leader six months ago, his party has narrowly led Fianna Fail in opinion polls, which suggest both parties would increase their support but struggle to form anything but another minority government.

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Turkey-US Relations an Issue in Sanctions Evasion Trial

An Iranian sanctions-busting case in New York threatens to further strain Turkey-U.S. relations.

The trial of Turkish-Iranian businessman Reza Zarrab and Mehmet Hakan Atilla, vice president of Turkish state bank Halkbank, is due to start December 4. Ankara has slammed the case as political, but fears are growing it could have severe financial consequences for the Turkish economy.

The defendants are accused of violating the U.S.-Iran sanctions act involving billions of dollars in alleged illicit trade. The case threatens to implicate key political figures closely linked to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

“Very ugly truths could emerge about the former cabinet ministers,” warned political consultant Atilla Yesilada of New York-based GlobalSource Partners, an analysis service for investors. Former Finance Minister Zafer Caglayan, known to be close to Erdogan, also is under indictment.

Erdogan assails trial

The Turkish president has repeatedly attacked the pending trial. “How can a nation that legitimizes all kinds of attacks on our nation’s interests, from bankers to businessmen, from arms sales to energy investments, from TV series to think tanks, be our friend?” Erdogan asked Saturday at a political rally.

“Several times the [Turkish] president has picked up on this case, so obviously this is a matter that he finds terribly important,” said international relations expert Soli Ozel of Istanbul’s Kadir Has University.

Ankara claims the case is the latest attempt by the U.S.-based Turkish cleric Fethullah Gulen to bring down Erdogan.

“They [Gulenists] are using the U.S. system to launch attacks against Turkey, and the Reza Zarrab case is part of this,” Turkish presidential spokesman Ibrahim Kalin said in a TV interview Monday. “It’s a political case by the U.S. prosecutors. This is a very politically motivated case. This case was originally brought by the Gulenists in Turkey.”

Ankara accuses Gulen of being the mastermind behind last year’s failed military coup. Followers of Gulen were also accused in 2013 of trying to bring down Erdogan’s government by judicial probes into alleged high-level corruption involving Zarrab and senior ministers. The government shut down the probe, claiming it was a judicial coup, and all those involved were either dismissed or arrested.

Use of previous evidence

Ankara has been infuriated by reports that New York prosecutors will use some of the evidence gathered in the 2013 probe in the current case. “The fact files collected by Gulenist prosecutors and police against the then prime minister [Erdogan] are likely to be used in the Zarrab case. Obviously, [it] rubs the government the wrong way,” said international relations expert Ozel.

During a visit to Washington this month, Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim reportedly lobbied hard in meetings with senior U.S. officials, including Vice President Mike Pence, for the evidence to not be allowed in the forthcoming case. Ankara argues the evidence, which includes embarrassing telephone conversations between former ministers and Erdogan, was illegally gathered and should not be admitted. Turkish prosecutors have opened an investigation into a federal prosecutor, U.S. Attorney Joon Kim, into how evidence was obtained for the Zarrab case.

Critics claim Ankara’s lobbying fails to understand the limitation of political power in Washington.

“The executive, in accordance with the principles of the independence of the judiciary, has little influence on how this procedure will unfold, and that’s something that Turkey’s policymakers should take into consideration,” said political scientist Cengiz Aktar.

Such lobbying by Ankara is seen as an indication, however, of how serious and potentially damaging the Zarrab case could be for Turkey’s political leaders. The Zarrab case already has hit financial markets, with the Turkish lira suffering steep drops over speculation that Turkish banks could end up facing heavy fines.

More jeopardy for lira

“The [financial] markets made the connection between the Zarrab case and fines on Turkish banks, especially Halkbank,” said economist Inan Demir of Nomura Bank. “If the headlines coming out of the trial are negative for Halkbank, markets will almost immediately jump to the conclusion of large fines, and that could lead to further falls on the currency.”

Several European banks in recent years have been hit by multibillion-dollar penalties for violating U.S. Iranian sanctions.

A combination of political and economic factors has resulted in the Turkish lira hitting record lows this week. Financial investors and the eyes of the Turkish nation are expected to be firmly fixed on the New York courthouse when the Zarrab trial begins, the implications of which could be far reaching.

“Even if he [Erdogan] is not hit personally by these accusations, the repercussions of the Zarrab case for the Turkish economy, and therefore for Turkey’s political stability and the grip of the president on the country, can really be very serious,” Ozel said.

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4 UN Peacekeepers, Malian Soldier Killed in Jihadist Attacks

Four U.N. peacekeepers and a Malian soldier were killed and 21 people were wounded Friday in two separate attacks by unknown assailants in Mali, the U.N. mission there said.

Regional armies, U.N. forces, and French and U.S. soldiers are struggling to halt the growing influence of Islamist militants, some with links to al-Qaida and the Islamic State group, in West Africa’s Sahel region.

Mali’s U.N. mission, MINUSMA, has suffered the highest number of fatalities among current U.N. peacekeeping operations. “I condemn in the strongest terms this attack that has once again befallen the MINUSMA force as well as the [Malian army],” U.N. mission head Mahamat Saleh Annadif said in a statement.

In the first incident Friday, three peacekeepers and a Malian soldier were killed when they came under attack during a joint operation in the Menaka region near the border with Niger, an area that has seen a spike in violence over the last year.

Sixteen other peacekeepers and one civilian were also wounded.

Convoy hit

Later in the day about noon (1200 GMT), a MINUSMA convoy in the central Mopti region was the target of what the mission described as a “complex attack” by militants using explosive devices and rocket launchers.

One U.N. soldier was killed and three others were seriously wounded, MINUSMA said in a statement.

The mission did not specify the nationalities of the soldiers killed or wounded in either of the attacks.

A 2013 French-led military intervention drove back militants who had seized control of Mali’s desert north a year earlier, but they have regrouped and launch regular attacks against Malian soldiers, U.N. peacekeepers and civilians.

Islamist groups are now increasingly exploiting the porous borders between Mali and neighboring Niger and Burkina Faso to expand their range of operations, alarming Western powers.

France and the United States both have troops deployed in the West Africa.

A new regional force composed of soldiers from Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Burkina Faso and Chad — the so-called G5 Sahel nations — launched its first operations late last month.

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Cameroon Opposition MPs Demand Open Debate on Anglophone Crisis

In Cameroon, opposition lawmakers disrupted parliament for a second day in a row Friday as tensions deepen over the government’s handling of the crisis in the country’s anglophone regions.

 

Lawmakers of Cameroon’s main opposition party, the Social Democratic Front sang a protest song demand parliament hold debates on how to resolve the year-long strike in the two English-speaking regions.

 

“We have been here for more than one year and in every session nothing is said about the crisis,” complained SDF’s Joseph Mbah Ndam, who is also vice speaker of parliament,  “so we have decided today that nothing will go on here if we do not find a definite solution to the anglophone crisis.”

Uptick in violence

The crisis has grown increasingly violent over the past year as separatist groups have emerged. Many schools in the southwest and northwest remain shut and a strike has closed down many businesses.

 

French-speakers are the majority in the bilingual country, and anglophone activists say they are marginalized. Many are demanding reforms, while others want all-out independence.

 

Most of the SDF lawmakers hail from the two anglophone regions. They have faced threats and physical assaults for continuing to serve in the National Assembly amid the crisis.

 

The SDF lawmakers announced a boycott a week ago demanding the government do more to peacefully end the strike. On Thursday, they began singing to interrupt parliament proceedings.

 

2018 budget

Government ministers had come to answer questions on last year’s budget and the 2018 financial plans.

 

Cavaye Yeguie Djibril, the speaker of the National Assembly, says he could not bear the disturbances by the SDF and called off the plenary.

 

He announced that the ruling CPDM majority had voted and adopted last year’s settlement bill even though no vote had taken place.

 

The CPDM controls 148 seats in the 180 member parliament and the SDF just 18.

 

Political analyst Reymond Etoga says the SDF won’t be able to derail the passing of the 2018 budget, but the government should heed their calls for open debate to resolve the anglophone crisis.

 

“In order for us to be able to create a society where everyone can feel part of, we must understand that truth is very necessary,” Etoga noted, “and we are in a quagmire situation at this point in time because the system in place has refused categorically to be able to say this is white and this is black.”

 

Professor Elvis Ngole Ngole, a close aide of President Paul Biya, has been leading teams to dialogue with the populations in the northwest and southwest.

 

“Those who felt they were excluded, I think it is genuine,” he said. ” As we continue, there will be more inclusion than exclusion because no one should be excluded because as long as there is democracy and we believe in it, as long as we are a republic we will keep on talking to one another and that is dialogue.”

 

However, government overtures at dialogue have also been coupled with a crackdown. Following violent unrest last December, troops were deployed to the anglophone regions and the internet was cut for three months. The government has released several dozen people detained for months over the strike.

 

Activists say more remain behind bars and must also be released before any dialogue can take place.

 

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Sinai Mosque Attack Kills 235

Egyptian security officials, quoted by state-run media, say 235 people have been killed by suspected militants in an attack on a packed mosque Friday in the volatile northern Sinai Peninsula.

Frightened residents fled the center of the town of Bir al Abed, after Islamic militants fired on people both inside and outside the Rawda mosque. Scores of bodies were strewn across the mosque’s carpeted floor.

A man claiming to have been inside the mosque during the attack told Arab media that militants in four-wheel drive vehicles opened fire inside the house of worship following an explosion.

Eyewitnesses also say the militants fired on ambulances as emergency personnel tried to evacuate the wounded to hospitals in nearby Arish. Egyptian media reported that several government targets also were attacked inside the town.

Egyptian government warplanes reportedly attacked terrorist targets in Sinai following the carnage at the mosque.

U.S. President Donald Trump reacted to the violence, calling it a “Horrible and cowardly terrorist attack on innocent and defenseless worshipers in Egypt.” The president added, “The world cannot tolerate terrorism, we must defeat them militarily and discredit the extremist ideology that forms the basis of their existence!” in a tweet sent from the U.S. state of Florida, where he is staying over the Thanksgiving holiday weekend.

Neighboring Israel sent condolences to Egypt following the attack. Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty in 1979 and maintain close security cooperation.

Ongoing war

Egyptian Culture Minister Helmy Namnam said on Egyptian TV that the attack was “part of an ongoing war that the Muslim Brotherhood group and its allies are waging against Egypt.”

Several other former government officials made similar claims. The Muslim Brotherhood denied responsibility following previous terror attacks.

Egypt’s Islamic endowments minister told government media the militants are resorting to extremely brutal attacks because they are becoming desperate:

He says that attacking mosques is the last card they have to play. They have attacked churches before, claiming the victims were infidels, but now they are attacking mosques, because their previous attacks failed. He says they are proving that it is they who, in fact, are enemies of God.

Influx of militants

Arab media have reported a recent influx of Islamic militants from Iraq and Syria to parts of North Africa, including Egypt and Libya. Egyptian media have accused Qatar and Turkey of helping terrorists to flee Iraq and Syria to North Africa. Qatar and Turkey deny the accusations.

Veteran Egyptian editor and publisher Hisham Kassem recently told VOA that part of the problem is that Egyptian security forces need better training to deal with acts of terrorism.

“For years, there was talk that it was necessary to recalibrate the police force and at least part of the military to become counterterrorism forces and, unfortunately, we know of very few programs that have actually taken place to make a serious shift,” Kassem said.

Egyptian media reported that President Abdel Fattah el Sisi met with top security officials, including the defense and interior ministers, immediately after the attack as security was stepped up around government buildings and key infrastructure.

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Scientists: Rivers in Africa, Asia Responsible for Most Ocean Plastic Waste

The equivalent of one garbage truck full of waste plastic is dumped into the world’s oceans every minute – or 8 million metric tons a year. New research suggests that the vast majority of that waste is transported to the oceans by just a handful of major river systems – and tackling the pollution at source would go a long way to cleaning up our seas. Henry Ridgwell reports from London.

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Libyan Government Says It Is Investigating Slave Trade Reports

Libyan officials say they are investigating a CNN television report that African migrants are being sold as slaves. Tens of thousands of migrants reach Libya each year in the hope of crossing the Mediterranean Sea to Europe. Most have given all they have to pay smugglers on the Northern African coast for sea passage. Tougher coast guard controls in recent years mean fewer boats can sail and smugglers are left with a backlog of migrants who now could be sold. VOA’s Zlatica Hoke has this story.

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Native Americans Seek to Raise Awareness of their History

In 1990 then-President George H.W. Bush approved a resolution declaring November “National American Indian Heritage Month,” and it’s been observed ever since. VOA’s Alex Yanevskyy visited the Museum of Natural History in Utah on a day when Native American heritage was being celebrated.

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Family: Iran Has Set Date for New Trial of Imprisoned British-Iranian Woman

The British daily The Guardian has reported that authorities in Iran have set a date for the trial of British-Iranian citizen Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, citing the woman’s husband.

Richard Ratcliffe told the newspaper that his wife will appear in court Dec. 10 to face charges of spreading propaganda. 

Zaghari-Ratcliffe, who was arrested in Tehran in April 2016, is serving a five-year prison term for a conviction on national-security charges.

The new charges against Zaghari-Ratcliffe apparently stem from a statement made by British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson, who told a parliamentary committee on Nov. 1 that she had been “training journalists” in Iran. 

Johnson later apologized for the statement, saying it was not true and affirming that the woman had only been visiting relatives in the Islamic republic.

On Nov. 4, however, Zaghari-Ratcliffe was brought to an unscheduled court hearing, at which Johnson’s comments were used as evidence for a new charge that she had been spreading “propaganda against the regime.”

Richard Ratcliffe said he believed his wife was about to be released before Johnson made his remarks.

Zaghari-Ratcliffe’s employer, the Thomson Reuters Foundation, has said she was not working in Iran.

Johnson said earlier this month that he plans to travel to Tehran soon and would seek to meet with Zaghari-Ratcliffe.

Reuters and The Guardian contributed to this report.

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US Navy Calls Off Search for Missing Sailors

The U.S. Navy has halted its search and rescue efforts for three sailors who were lost at sea Wednesday when a U.S. Navy transport plane crashed into the western Pacific Ocean.

The Navy said Thursday that eight U.S. Navy and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ships, three helicopter squadrons and maritime patrol aircraft had covered nearly 1,000 square nautical miles in the two-day search for the missing sailors.

“Our thoughts and prayers are with our lost shipmates and their families,” said Rear Admiral Marc Dalton, commander, Task Force 70. “As difficult as this is, we are thankful for the rapid and effective response that led to the rescue of eight of our shipmates, and I appreciate the professionalism and dedication shown by all who participated in the search efforts.”

​Routine mission

The Navy said the twin-propeller C2-A Greyhound aircraft plummeted into the sea about 925 kilometers southeast of Okinawa while it was on a routine mission taking passengers and cargo from a U.S. base in Japan to the USS Ronald Reagan aircraft carrier.

It said the eight people were rescued about 40 minutes later and taken to the Reagan where they are reported in good condition.

There was no immediate explanation for the crash, and the Navy said the incident is being investigated.

U.S. President Donald Trump, at his oceanfront Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida for the Thanksgiving weekend holiday, said via Twitter that he is monitoring the situation.

“Prayers for all involved,” he said.

Joint exercises with Japan

The Reagan was operating in the Philippine Sea as part of joint exercises with Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force, part of 10 days of training designed to increase defensive readiness and interoperability in air and sea maneuvers between the two countries.

More than 14,000 U.S. personnel are participating in the drills, which also include the guided-missile destroyers USS Stethem, USS Chafee and USS Mustin, and a maritime patrol and reconnaissance squadron.

Fifth accident this year

Wednesday’s crash was the fifth major Navy incident in Asian waters this year.

Two fatal accidents left 17 sailors dead and prompted the Defense Department to remove of eight top Navy officers from their posts, including the 7th Fleet commander.

The destroyer USS John S. McCain collided with an oil tanker in August off Singapore, leaving 10 U.S. sailors dead and five injured. The USS Fitzgerald, another destroyer, collided with a container ship in waters off Japan in June, killing seven sailors.

After investigations, the Navy concluded the collisions were avoidable, resulting from widespread failures by commanders and crewmembers, who did not recognize and respond quickly to the emergencies as they unfolded. The Navy has called for improved training, and increasing sleep and stress management for sailors.

Separately, in January, the USS Antietam ran aground near Yosuka, Japan, and the USS Lake Champlain collided with a South Korean fishing vessel in May.

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Irish Row Could Collapse Government, Delay Brexit

The Irish government was on the verge of collapse Thursday after the party whose votes Prime Minister Leo Varadkar depends on to pass legislation said it would seek to remove the deputy prime minister in a breach of their cooperation agreement.

The crisis comes three weeks ahead of a European Union summit in which the Irish government has an effective veto on whether Britain’s talks on leaving the bloc progress as it determines if EU concerns about the future of the Irish border have been met.

In a row that escalated rapidly, the opposition Fianna Fail party said it would put a motion of no confidence in Deputy Prime Minister Frances Fitzgerald before parliament on Tuesday over her handling of a legal case involving a police whistleblower.

That would break the three-year “confidence and supply” agreement that allowed Varadkar’s Fine Gael party to form a minority government 18 months ago.

Fianna Fail initially indicated it might withdraw its threat if Fitzgerald resigned, but Fine Gael members of parliament passed a unanimous motion of support in Fitzgerald at an emergency meeting Thursday evening.

​Election likely

Asked after Fine Gael’s statement whether the country was headed for an election, a senior Fianna Fail source replied: “Straight towards one.”

The source declined to be named as the party’s frontbench was to hold an emergency meeting early Friday to decide its next move.

“This is … dangerous politically at a time when the country does not need an election,” Foreign Minister Simon Coveney of Fine Gael told national Irish broadcaster RTE, in an apparent reference to the Brexit talks he had earlier described as a “historic moment” for the island of Ireland.

Border and Brexit

The border between Ireland and Northern Ireland, which will be the UK’s only land frontier with the bloc after its departure, is one of three issues Brussels wants broadly solved before it decides next month on whether to move the talks onto a second phase about trade, as Britain wants.

Coveney told parliament Thursday that the government was not yet ready to allow the talks to move on to the trade issues at the Dec. 14-15 summit and needed more clarity from London.

A breakdown of the government’s cooperation deal, which has worked relatively smoothly up until now between two parties that differ little on policy but have been bitter foes for decades, would likely lead to an election in December or January.

The Fianna Fail move comes after Fitzgerald admitted she was made aware of an attempt to discredit a police whistleblower in a 2015 email, but failed to act. Fine Gael say she adhered to due process.

Since Varadkar’s appointment as Fine Gael leader in May, his party has narrowly led Fianna Fail in opinion polls that suggest both parties would increase their support but still struggle to form anything but another minority government.

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EU Eyes Closer Ties With Armenia Amid Tensions Over Brussels Summit Declaration

The leaders of the European Union and the six Eastern Partnership countries will meet in Brussels on Friday in an effort to deepen ties between the EU and the former Soviet republics.

The summit’s main event will likely be the signing of an enhanced EU partnership deal with Armenia. That pact, however, omits free trade and is less ambitious than the association agreements secured by Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.

Like those three countries, Armenia previously negotiated an EU Association Agreement. But Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian walked away from the deal in 2013 under pressure from Russia.

Armenia later joined the Moscow-led Eurasian Economic Union (EEU).

The EU launched the Eastern Partnership in 2009 to promote economic integration and European values in six Eastern European and South Caucasus countries.

The run-up to this year’s summit has otherwise been dominated by speculation about whether authoritarian Belarusian President Alyaksandr Lukashenka would show up. Minsk said Tuesday that Foreign Minister Uladzimer Makei would lead its delegation.

In October, EU sources told RFE/RL that Lukashenka had received an invitation “without restrictions,” just like the leaders of the other five Eastern Partnership states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.

This was a U-turn compared with the previous four summits, when he was blocked after being hit with EU sanctions following a violent crackdown on protesters after the Belarusian presidential elections in 2010.

Most of the sanctions, including those on Lukashenka, were lifted in February 2016.

Conflicting statements

This year’s summit in Brussels could also see clashes over the gathering’s final declaration, according to EU diplomats familiar with the talks.

One paragraph concerning conflicts in the region has been left open after both Armenia and Azerbaijan wanted specific but conflicting statements on the breakaway Azerbaijani region of Nagorno-Karabakh, according to a draft text seen by RFE/RL.

The current text also fails to mention the war between Kyiv and Russia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine, a conflict that has killed more than 10,000 people since April 2014.

“The summit participants call for renewed efforts to promote the peaceful settlement of conflicts in the region on the basis of the principles and norms of international law,” it reads.

It adds that “the resolution of the conflicts, building trust and good neighborly relations are essential to economic and social development and cooperation.”

EU diplomats told RFE/RL that they wanted neutral wording in the statement and to omit any mention of specific conflicts in the Eastern Partnership countries, citing squabbles between Baku and Yerevan over the 2015 declaration that delayed the summit by several hours.

Ukraine is also likely to make a final push to secure more positive wording concerning its prospects of eventually joining the EU.

The current draft language on that topic is identical to that of the previous summit, stating that “the summit participants acknowledge the European aspirations and European choice of the partners concerned, as stated in the association agreements.”

The text references a December 2016 decision by EU heads of state that included a legally binding supplement to its association agreement underscoring that Brussels will not give Kyiv the right to automatic EU membership or guarantee any EU military aid for Ukraine.

The addendum allowed the Netherlands to finally ratify the Ukraine Association Agreement earlier this year despite the fact that 61 percent of Dutch voters disapproved of the deal in a citizen-driven, nonbinding referendum held in April 2016.

The draft declaration also outlines some future EU strategies in the Eastern Partnership countries.

These include “facilitating access to local currency lending” for local small and medium-sized enterprises, supporting “increased access to high-speed broadband” and “progressing towards reduced roaming tariffs among the partner countries.”

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Sheriff: Las Vegas Gunman Fired More Than 1,100 Rounds

The top lawman in Las Vegas says the gunman who killed dozens of people at a concert last month fired more than 1,100 rounds.

The newly released estimate from Sheriff Joe Lombardo offers more detail about the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history.

Lombardo tells the Las Vegas Review-Journal he was aware of the previously unreported figure because his department’s forensics lab is working with the FBI to process all ballistics evidence.

Stephen Paddock killed 58 people and injured hundreds more on Oct. 1 after he shattered windows of his suite on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel-casino and unleashed withering gunfire at the music festival below before killing himself.

Authorities have said they have not determined Paddock’s motive or why he stopped shooting. Lombardo says authorities found about 4,000 unused rounds in the suite.

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Flynn’s Attorneys Split From Trump, Newspaper Reports

Attorneys for Michael Flynn, President Donald Trump’s former national security adviser, have told Trump’s legal team they can no longer discuss the probe by a special counsel, indicating Flynn may be cooperating with the investigation, The New York Times reported Thursday.

Flynn’s attorneys and a spokesman for special counsel Robert Mueller did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment. A representative for Trump’s legal team could not immediately be reached for comment.

Flynn is a central figure in the federal probe led by Mueller into whether Trump aides colluded with Russia to boost his 2016 presidential campaign. Russia has denied interfering in the U.S. election, and Trump has said there was no collusion.

The Times reported that Flynn’s attorneys had been sharing information with Trump’s legal team about the Mueller investigation.

Citing four people involved in the case, the newspaper reported the cooperation agreement had ended, although adding that that in itself did not prove Flynn was cooperating with Mueller.

Flynn served 24 days as Trump’s national security adviser but was fired after it was discovered he had misrepresented his contacts with a Russian diplomat to Vice President Michael Pence.

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Pope Prays for ‘Seeds of Peace’ for South Sudan, DRC

Pope Francis on Thursday evening led a special prayer service in St. Peter’s Basilica for peace in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Earlier this year, he said he was studying the possibility of going to South Sudan, which has been beset by famine and civil war. But he told the faithful during the service that that wasn’t possible.

Francis said that “with prayer we want to sow seeds of peace” in South Sudan and Congo. He called for courageous peace efforts through dialogue and negotiations.

Peace talks are aimed at finding a resolution to South Sudan’s civil war, which has lasted nearly four years.

In DRC, tensions over the continued tenure of President Joseph Kabila, whose official mandate ended in December 2016, have fueled deadly demonstrations. An election official recently said the presidential vote wouldn’t be held until late 2018.

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